THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNICATION PATTERN OF STUDENT DIRECTIVE SPEECH AT SMKN 2 PALU

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the patterns and effectiveness of students’ directive speech acts in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) program at SMKN 2 Palu within the context of Teaching Factory–based design promotion. A mixed-methods approach was employed by integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and recordings of students’ speech, which were triangulated to ensure data validity. The research participants consisted of 96 VCD students from grades X to XII. Qualitative data were analyzed through coding and categorization of directive speech acts, while quantitative analysis measured communication effectiveness using Berlo’s SMCR model and was statistically tested using the chi-square test. The findings reveal four main types of directive speech acts used by students: inviting, requesting, suggesting, and commanding. Based on the SMCR analysis, all types of directive speech acts fall within the effective to very effective category, with the receiver component showing the highest level of effectiveness. The chi-square test indicates a significant relationship between the type of directive speech act and communication effectiveness (χ² = 23.17; p = 0.006). Pragmatically, suggestive and invitational speech acts are more effective than requesting and commanding because they are more persuasive and reduce face-threatening acts. In addition, social factors such as gender, age, cultural background, and social environment influence students’ directive communication paten. This study highlights the importance of strengthening pragmatic competence and persuasive communication skills in VCD learning so that students are not only visually competent but also capable of promoting their design works professionally and contextually.