Screening for Plagiarism

All submissions are checked for similarity using Turnitin/iThenticate prior to peer review. The maximum acceptable similarity index is 18%. Common phrases, properly cited quotations, and reference lists are judged reasonably and may be excluded from the calculation. Manuscripts exceeding the threshold or showing problematic overlap (e.g., self-plagiarism, duplication, or salami publication) will be returned for revision or rejected. The Editor makes the final decision.