Preventing Sexual Violence Against Students Through Structural Policy Interventions of Justice and Gender Equality

Suardi Suardi, Shahrin Bin Hashim, Nursalam Nursalam, Rahmat Nur, Hasruddin Nur, Firdaus Firdaus, Israpil Israpil

Abstract


The main problem in this research is the widespread violence and sexual harassment against students in Indonesian universities. The aim of this research is to analyze efforts to prevent sexual violence against students through the intervention of lecturers at universities in Indonesia. This research uses mixed research methods. Research informants, qualitative research using purposive sampling amounted to 30 people, while determining the research sample using random sampling techniques totaling 300 respondents. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires, observation, interviews and documentation. Qualitative data analysis was carried out through the stages of data reduction, data display and drawing conclusions, while quantitative data analysis used questionnaire verification, tabulation of questionnaire data and percentage of questionnaire data. The validity of qualitative data uses source triangulation and method triangulation, while quantitative data uses reliability tests (accuracy) and validation tests (correctness). The results of the research show that lecturer actor intervention was carried out by discussing human rights issues, power relations, disability perspectives, anti-gender-based violence, socializing the task force for preventing and dealing with sexual violence and implementing healthy relationships with students. Lecturer actor intervention can prevent sexual violence against students.

Keywords


Sexual Violence; Structural Intervention; Justice and Gender Equality

Full Text:

DOWNLOAD

References


Abrahams, N., Devries, K., Watts, C., Pallitto, C., Petzold, M., Shamu, S., & Garc, C. (2014). Articles Worldwide prevalence of non-partner sexual violence : a systematic review. 6736(13), 1–7.

Aprilianda, N., Farikhah, M., & Krisna, L. A. (2022). Critical Review Selecting a Proper Law to Resolve Sexual Violence Against Children in Indonesia. Samarah, 6(2), 954–974. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.9050

Bjørnseth, I., & Szabo, A. (2018). Sexual Violence Against Children in Sports and Exercise: A Systematic Literature Review. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 27(4), 365–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2018.1477222

Chisholm, C. A., Bullock, L., & Ferguson, J. E. (Jef. (2017). Intimate partner violence and pregnancy: epidemiology and impact. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 217(2), 141–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.042

Cowan, S., & Munro, V. E. (2021). Seeking campus justice : challenging the ‘ criminal justice drift ’ in United Kingdom university responses to student sexual violence and misconduct. Journal OfLaw and Society, 48(1), 308–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12306

Crocker, D., Minaker, J., & Neland, A. (2020). Violence Interrupted : Confronting Sexual Violence on University Campuses. https://widgets.ebscohost.com/prod/customlink/hanapi/hanapi.php?profile=4dfs1uetk6jL6Nmi1c6n2OKU2dfZp9PkldzU0trT4ZLZ19ellq2Yq6yarZOkkg%3D%3D&DestinationURL=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=2604320&site=eds-live

De La Rue, L., Polanin, J. R., Espelage, D. L., & Pigott, T. D. (2014). School‐Based Interventions to Reduce Dating and Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 10(1), 1–110. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2014.7

De Schrijver, L., Vander Beken, T., Krahé, B., & Keygnaert, I. (2018). Prevalence of sexual violence in migrants, applicants for international protection, and refugees in europe: A critical interpretive synthesis of the evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091979

Ellsberg, M., Ullman, C., Blackwell, A., Hill, A., & Contreras, M. (2018). What works to prevent adolescent intimate partner and sexual violence? A global review of best practices. In Adolescent Dating Violence: Theory, Research, and Prevention. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811797-2.00016-5

Espelage, D. L., Ingram, K. M., Hong, J. S., & Merrin, G. J. (2022). Bullying as a Developmental Precursor to Sexual and Dating Violence Across Adolescence: Decade in Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 23(4), 1358–1370. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211043811

Fairchild, K., & Rudman, L. A. (2008). Everyday stranger harassment and women’s objectification. Social Justice Research, 21(3), 338–357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-008-0073-0

Fineran, S. (2002). Sexual Harassment between Same-Sex Peers: Intersection of Mental Health, Homophobia, and Sexual Violence in Schools. Social Work, 47(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/47.1.65

Finnie, R. K. C., Okasako-Schmucker, D. L., Buchanan, L., Carty, D., Wethington, H., Mercer, S. L., Basile, K. C., DeGue, S., Niolon, P. H., Bishop, J., Titus, T., Noursi, S., Dickerson, S. A., Whitaker, D., Swider, S., & Remington, P. (2022). Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Prevention Among Youth: A Community Guide Systematic Review. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 62(1), e45–e55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2021.06.021

Ghidei, W., Montesanti, S., Tomkow, K., Silverstone, P. H., Wells, L., & Campbell, S. (2022). Examining the Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Virtually Delivered Trauma-Focused Domestic Violence and Sexual Violence Interventions: A Rapid Evidence Assessment. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 0(0), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380211069059

Hermawan, I. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan ( Kualitatif, Kuantitatif dan Mixed Method ) (C. R. Sri (ed.)). Hidayatul Quran Kuningan. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=id&lr=&id=Vja4DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP10&dq=buku+Penelitian+mix+method&ots=XvBkpZ-8rv&sig=gdB2-3eCTEMDXMfkwQ-VmeNPXjs&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=buku Penelitian mix method&f=false

Irwan, I., & Djanggih, H. (2022). Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Di Lingkungan Perguruan Tinggi. Journal of Lex Philosophy (JLP), 3(2), 260–278.

Jouriles, E. N., Krauss, A., Vu, N. L., Banyard, V. L., & McDonald, R. (2018). Bystander programs addressing sexual violence on college campuses: A systematic review and meta-analysis of program outcomes and delivery methods. Journal of American College Health, 66(6), 457–466. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2018.1431906

Khalifeh, H., Oram, S., Osborn, D., Howard, L. M., & Johnson, S. (2016). Recent physical and sexual violence against adults with severe mental illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2016.1223608

Koss, M. P., Bachar, K. J., & Hopkins, C. Q. (2003). Restorative justice for sexual violence: Repairing victims, building community, and holding offenders accountable. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 989, 384–396. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07320.x

Khafsoh, N. A. (2021). Pemahaman Mahasiswa Terhadap Bentuk, Proses, Dan Pandangan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Di Kampus. Marwah: Jurnal Perempuan, Agama Dan Jender, 20(1), 61-75 Linder, C., Grimes, N., Williams, B. M., Lacy, M. C., & Parker, B. (2020). What do we know about campus sexual violence? A content analysis of 10 years of research. Review of Higher Education, 43(4), 1017–1040. https://doi.org/10.1353/rhe.2020.0029

Lundgren, R., & Amin, A. (2015). Addressing intimate partner violence and sexual violence among adolescents: Emerging evidence of effectiveness. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(1), S42–S50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.08.012

Mailhot Amborski, A., Bussières, E. L., Vaillancourt-Morel, M. P., & Joyal, C. C. (2022). Sexual Violence Against Persons With Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 23(4), 1330–1343. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838021995975

Manab, A. (2015). Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kualitatif. Kalimedia, 1–360. http://repo.iain-tulungagung.ac.id/10156/1/Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kualitatif.pdf

Mapayi, B., Oloniniyi, I., & Folayan, M. (2022). In the eye of the storm: the domestic and sexual violence epidemic amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria. Babcock University Medical Journal, 5(1), 11–14. https://doi.org/10.38029/bumj.v5i1.104

McMahon, S., Steiner, J. J., Snyder, S., & Banyard, V. L. (2021). Comprehensive Prevention of Campus Sexual Violence: Expanding Who Is Invited to the Table. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 22(4), 843–855. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838019883275

Mekonnen, B. D., Lakew, Z. H., & Melese, E. B. (2022). Prevalence and associated factors of sexual violence experienced by housemaids in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01470-2

Mekonnen, B. D., & Wubneh, C. A. (2022). Sexual Violence Against Female Students in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sexuality and Culture, 26(2), 776–791. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-021-09899-6

Moorman, A. M. (2016). Are Institutions of Higher Education Failing to Protect Students ?: An Analysis of Title IX ’ s Sexual Violence Protections and College Athletics. Marq. Sports L. Rev, 26(2), 545.

Mulla, M. M., Bogen, K. W., & Orchowski, L. M. (2020). The mediating role of school connectedness in the associations between dating and sexual violence victimization and substance use among high school students. Preventive Medicine, 139(July), 106197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106197

Nobels, A., Vandeviver, C., Beaulieu, M., Inescu, A. C., Nisen, L., Van Den Noortgate, N., Beken, T. Vander, Lemmens, G., & Keygnaert, I. (2020). “Too grey to be true?” sexual violence in older adults: A critical interpretive synthesis of evidence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114117

Perkins, W., & Warner, J. (2017). Sexual Violence Response and Prevention: Studies of Campus Policies and Practices. Journal of School Violence, 16(3), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2017.1318569

Pole, R. M., Badu, L. W., & Sarson, M. T. Z. (2023). Upaya Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Di Lingkungan Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. MANDUB: Jurnal Politik, Sosial, Hukum Dan Humaniora, 1(3), 133–147.

Puspytasari, H. H. (2022). Pemahaman Mahasiswa Terhadap Kekerasan Seksual di Perguruan Tinggi. Paradigma: Jurnal Filsafat, Sains, Teknologi, Dan Sosial Budaya, 28(1), 123-132.

Rodenhizer, K. A. E., & Edwards, K. M. (2019). The Impacts of Sexual Media Exposure on Adolescent and Emerging Adults’ Dating and Sexual Violence Attitudes and Behaviors: A Critical Review of the Literature. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 20(4), 439–452. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017717745

Rumble, L., Febrianto, R. F., Larasati, M. N., Hamilton, C., Mathews, B., & Dunne, M. P. (2020). Childhood Sexual Violence in Indonesia: A Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 21(2), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018767932

Rusyidi, B., Bintari, A., & Wibowo, H. (2019). Pengalaman Dan Pengetahuan Tentang Pelecehan Seksual: Studi Awal Di Kalangan Mahasiswa Perguruan Tinggi (Experience and Knowledge on Sexual Harassment: a Preliminary Study Among Indonesian University Students). Share : Social Work Journal, 9(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v9i1.21685

Silveira, S. L. S., Patias, N. D., & Von Hohendorff, J. (2022). Beliefs of Psychology Undergraduate Students about Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents. Trends in Psychology, September. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00226-y

Simanjuntak, E. G., & Isbah, M. F. (2022). “the New Oasis”: Implementasi Permendikbud Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Di Perguruan Tinggi. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v11i3.59736

Siswati, S., Hartati, Y., & Jalinus, N. (2019). Tantangan Analisis Kebijakan Pencegahan Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Dengan Mengembangkan Media Teknologi Informasi. International Journal of Natural Science and Engineering, 2(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.23887/ijnse.v2i2.17151

Stenning, P., Mitra-Kahn, T., & Gunby, C. (2013). Sexual violence against female university students in the U.K.: A case study. Rivista Di Criminologia, Vittimologia e Sicurezza, 7(2), 100–119. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cja&AN=91606655&site=ehost-live

Soejoeti, A. H., & Susanti, V. (2020). Memahami kekerasan seksual dalam Menara Gading di Indonesia. Community: Pengawas Dinamika Sosial, 6(2), 207-221.

Syahida, F. N., & Hirzi, A. T. (2023). Pengaruh Film Penyalin Cahaya terhadap Tingkat Kesadaran Kekerasan Seksual di Kalangan Mahasiswa Fikom Unisba 2018. In Bandung Conference Series: Journalism (Vol. 3, No. 1).

Suardi, S. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif Teori dan Praktik (CV. AA. RIZKY (ed.)).

Suardi, S., Agustang, A., & Jumadi, J. (2021). Dominasi Sekolah Negeri Terhadap Sekolah Swasta Sebagai Penyebab Kekerasan Simbolik Terhadap Siswa Sekolah Swasta. Jurnal Ilmiah Muqoddimah: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Politik, dan Humaniora, 5(2), 264-276.

Ulloa, E., Guzman, M. L., Salazar, M., & Cala, C. (2016). Posttraumatic growth and sexual violence: A literature review. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 25(3), 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2015.1079286

Walsh, K., Galea, S., & Koenen, K. C. (2012). Mechanisms Underlying Sexual Violence Exposure and Psychosocial Sequelae: A Theoretical and Empirical Review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 19(3), 260–275. https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12004

Wright, E. N., Anderson, J., Phillips, K., & Miyamoto, S. (2022). Help-Seeking and Barriers to Care in Intimate Partner Sexual Violence: A Systematic Review. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 23(5), 1510–1528. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838021998305

Wulandari, S. (2014). Perilaku Seksual Remaja Mahasiswa Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Doctoral dissertation, State University of Surabaya).

Wahyuni, D. S., & Sartika, R. (2020). Analisis faktor penyebab kekerasan dalam hubungan pacaran pada mahasiswa universitas pendidikan indonesia. Sosietas, 10(2), 923-928.

Yosep, I., Hikmat, R., Mardhiyah, A., & Lukman, M. (2023). Interventions Focused by Nurses for Reducing Negative Effect of Traumatic Experience on Victims of Sexual Violence: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (Switzerland), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010125




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v8i4.13376

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.