POTENSI CIRCULATING MICRORNA SEBAGAI NOVEL BIOMARKER NON-INVASIF UNTUK DIAGNOSIS DAN PROGNOSIS PENDERITA MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat global akibat tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang disebabkannya. Saat ini, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), CT-scan digunakan sebagai acuan utama dalam mendeteksi TBI, tetapi alat diagnostik ini kurang akurat dan belum mampu untuk mendeteksi tingkatan TBI ringan atau mild-TBI (mTBI). Diketahui 80% kejadian TBI merupakan kasus mTBI yang dapat menyebabkan disabilitas jangka panjang apabila tidak ditangani secara cepat dan tepat, sehingga diperlukan suatu biomarker baru yang dapat mengidentifikasi mTBI untuk membedakannya dengan orang sehat. Circulating miRNA merupakan salah satu jenis small non-coding RNA yang tersekresi dari jaringan menuju ruang ekstraseluler yang bersirkulasi dalam tubuh. Trauma pada pasien TBI dapat merubah ekspresi dan regulasi beberapa circulating miRNA spesifik, sehinga miRNA memiliki potensi untuk menjadi indikator diagnosis dan prognosis non-invasif dari mTBI. Menilai kemampuan diagnostik maupun prognostik circulating miRNA dalam mengidentifikasi mTBI dengan menilai sensitivitas, spesifisitas, dan AUC. Kajian sistematis ini mengumpulkan literatur dari PubMed, Science Direct, Directiory of Open Acces Journal (DOAJ), NLM, dan Epistemonikos dengan menggunakan metode berstandarkan cochrane guideline for systematic review (PRISMA) dengan pencarian kata kunci “Traumatic Brain Injury” dan “MicroRNAs”. Dari 307 studi yang didapatkan, ditemukan 6 final studi yang sesuai dengan seluruh kriteria inklusi. Studi yang dikaji berkorelasi dengan tujuan kajian sistematis ini. Circulating miRNA dari spesimen cairan berpotensi menjadi biomarker non-invasif baru untuk mTBI. Secara khusus, miRNA-425 dan miRNA-502 berpotensi tinggi untuk mendiagnosis awal mTBI terhadap orang sehat, serta miRNA-219 sebagai indikator menilai prognosis dari pederita TBI.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/aimj.v3i1.4153
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