Analysis of Factors Causing Flood Disasters in Urban Areas of South Sulawesi Province: A Literature Study Based on Geography

Abstrak

Abstract
looding is one of the most frequent hydrometeorological disasters occurring in urban areas of South 
Sulawesi Province and has tended to recur annually. This condition indicates serious problems related 
to urban environmental management and spatial planning. This study aims to analyze the factors 
causing flood disasters in urban areas of South Sulawesi Province based on a geography-based 
literature review. The research employed a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature study 
using secondary data obtained from national and international scientific journals, theses, academic 
reports, and credible online news sources published between 2020 and 2025. The results show that 
flooding in urban areas of South Sulawesi is caused by a combination of natural factors and human 
activities. The dominant natural factors include high rainfall intensity, lowland topography, and the 
characteristics of river basins, while human-related factors consist of land-use change, rapid 
urbanization, reduction of water infiltration areas, and inadequate urban drainage systems. The 
interaction between these factors increases surface runoff and reduces the environment’s capacity to 
absorb rainfall, leading to frequent flooding. This study confirms that urban flooding is a complex and 
systemic geographical issue resulting from the interaction between humans and the environment. The 
findings are expected to contribute to a better understanding of urban flood causes and to support 
spatial planning and sustainable flood mitigation efforts in South Sulawesi Province.