The Hong Kong-China Government's Democratic Instability in terms of the Political Realism Perspective

I.G.A.AG Dewi Sucitawathi P

Abstract


Abstract. The political stability and governance of a country are greatly influenced by public support and the commitment of public officials to accommodate the people's voice. The chaos that occurred in mainland China from June 2019 until the end of 2020 became a reflection that the political system of government of 'One Country, Two Systems' was a formidable challenge for the Chinese government after the surrender of Hong Kong by the British on July 1, 1997, where China used the communism system and on the other hand, Hong Kong uses a system of liberalism. Hong Kong's strong understanding of freedom makes this region very sensitive on several issues, one of which is legal issues due to the killing of Hong Kong citizens in the country of Taiwan. This article aims to explain the dualism of leadership used by the Hong Kong-China government, which led to anarchism, political instability of the government, and causing the investment climate in Hong Kong-China to decline sharply. The research method used is a qualitative method, with secondary data types taken from journals, book literature, and official websites used to search for theories and data that are vaild. This research shows that political realism in the demonstration case in Hong Kong is proof that the state in this case the central government in Beijing still has the power to always interfere in Hong Kong's domestic affairs.

Keywords: Democratic Instability, Political Realism, One Country Two Systems

Abstrak.  Stabilitas politik dan pemerintahan sebuah negara sangat dipengaruhi dukungan masyarakat dan komitmen pejabat publik untuk mengakomodir suara rakyat. Kekacauan yang terjadi di daratan China sejak bulan Juni 2019  hingga akhir tahun 2020 menjadi cerminan bahwa sistem politik pemerintahan ‘Satu Negara, Dua Sistem’ merupakan tantangan berat bagi pemerintah China pasca diserahkannya Hongkong oleh Inggris pada 1 Juli 1997, dimana China menggunakan sistem komunisme, dan dipihak lain Hongkong menggunakan sistem liberalisme. Kuatnya pemahaman Hongkong terhadap kebebasan menyebabkan wilayah ini sangat sensitif dalam beberapa isu, salah satunya isu hukum akibat adanya peristiwa pembunuhan yang dilakukan warga Hongkong di negara Taiwan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dualisme kepemimpinan yang digunakan pemerintah Hongkong-China, yang berujung pada peristiwa anarkisme, instabilitas politik pemerintahan, hingga menyebabkan iklim investasi di Hongkong-China merosot tajam. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode kualitatif, dengan jenis data sekunder diambil dari jurnal, literatur buku, dan website resmi yang digunakan untuk mencari teori dan data yang vaild. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa realisme politik dalam kasus demonstrasi di Hongkong menjadi bukti bahwa negara dalam hal ini pemerintah pusat di Beijing tetap memiliki kekuasaan untuk selalu ikut campur tangan terhadap urusan dalam negeri Hongkong

Kata Kunci: Instabilitas Demokrasi, Realisme Politik, Satu Negara Dua Sistem


Keywords


Democratic Instability, Political Realism, One Country Two Systems

Full Text:

DOWNLOAD

References


Cheng, Joseph. Y.S. (2011). Challenge to the Pro-democracy Movement in Hong Kong: Political Reforms, Internal Splits and the Legitimacy Deficit of the Government, China Perspectives 2011/2, hal. 47, from https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/5563 (Diakses 2 Maret 2020).https://doi.org/10.4000/chinaperspectives.5563 z

CNBCIndonesia.com. (2019). Hong Kong Resmi Resesi, Negara Lainnya?, from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20191101125549-4-111970/hong-kong-resmi-resesi-negara-lainnya (Diakses 7 Maret 2020)

CNNIndonesia.com. (2019). Menilik Kasus Pembunuhan Kekasih yang Picu Demo di Hong Kong, from https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20191021152010-113-441522/menilik-kasus-pembunuhan-kekasih-yang-picu-demo-di-hong-kong (Diakses 7 Maret 2020)

Fernandes, Vítor Ramon. (2017). Idealism and Realism in Internasional Realations: An Ontological Debate, JANUS.NET, e-journal of International Relations, Vol.7, No.2 (November 2016-April 2017), pp.14-25, from https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/4135/413548516002.pdf (Diakses 5 April 2020)

Idntimes.com. (2019). "One Country, Two Systems" Jadi Alasan Hong Kong Beda dengan Cina, from https://www.idntimes.com/news/world/rosa-folia/one-country-two-systems-jadi-alasan-hong-kong-beda-dengan-cina/full (Diakses 7 Maret 2020)

Kompas.com. (2019). Setengah Tahun Merapah Jalan Berliku Demonstrasi Hong Kong, from https://biz.kompas.com/read/2019/12/06/134728328/setengah-tahun-merapah-jalan-berliku-demonstrasi-hong-kong (Diakses 6 Maret 2020)

Liputan6.com. (2020). Demo Hong Kong Bikin Jumlah Turis Anjlok pada 2019, from https://www.liputan6.com/global/read/4156566/demo-hong-kong-bikin-jumlah-turis-anjlok-pada-2019 (Diakses 7 Maret 2020)

Manan, Munafrizal. (2015). Foreign Policy and National Interest, Global & Strategis, Vol 9, No 2 (2015), hal. 177, from https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JGS/article/view/6902 (Diakses 5 April 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.9.2.2015.175-189

Merdeka.com. (2019). Ini Alasan Mengapa Jutaan Demonstran di Hong Kong Kembali Turun ke Jalan, from https://www.merdeka.com/dunia/ini-alasan-mengapa-jutaan-demonstran-di-hong-kong-kembali-turun-ke-jalan.html (Diakses 7 Maret 2020)

Muhadjir, Noeng. (1996). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Yogyakarta : Rakesarasin.

Ngok, Ma. (2008). Civil Society and Democratization in Hong Kong Paradox and Duality, Taiwan Journal of Democracy, Volume 4, No.2, hal. 159, from http://www.tfd.org.tw/export/sites/tfd/files/publication/journal/dj0402/155-176.pdf (Diakses 25 Februari 2020)

Purbrick, Martin. (2019). A Report of The 2019 Hong Kong Protests, Asian Affairs, Volume 50, 2019 - Issue 4, hal. 468, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03068374.2019.1672397?needAccess=true (Diakses 25 Februari 2020)

Wang, Zhengxu. (2007). Public Support for Democracy in China, Journal of Contemporary China, (2007), 16(53), November, hal. 561, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232846337_Public_Support_for_Democracy_in_China. DOI: 10.1080/10670560701562283 (Diakses 25 Februari 2020)

Wangke, Humphrey. (2019). Demokrasi di Hongkong dan Implikasi Internasional, Info Singkat: Kajian Singkat Terhadap Isu Aktual dan Strategis. Pusat Penelitian Badan Keahlian DPR RI, Vol.XI, No.18, hal. 9, from http://berkas.dpr.go.id/puslit/files/info_singkat/Info%20Singkat-XI-18-II-P3DI-September-2019-170.pdf (Diakses 2 Maret 2020)

Yip, Anastasia. (2015). Hong Kong and China: One Country, Two Systems, Two Identities, Global Societies Journal, Volume 3 (2015), hal. 21, from https://gsj.global.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.gisp.d7_gs-2/files/sitefiles/Yip.pdf (Diakses 2 Maret 2020)




DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/jed.v5i2.3223

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 JED (Journal of Etika Demokrasi)

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.