Dinamika Tutupan Lahan dan Respons Termal Arsitektur Lingkungan di Kota Pesisir Tropis Parigi Moutong

Abstract

ABSTRAK:  Parigi mengalami tekanan termal perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan perubahan tutupan lahan, kerapatan vegetasi, intensitas keterbangunan, dan suhu permukaan lahan di Kota Parigi sebagai kota pesisir tropis kecil. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis citra Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS tahun 2014 dan 2021 melalui Google Earth Engine. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan dilakukan dengan algoritma Supervised Random Forest, sedangkan NDVI, NDBI, dan LST dihitung untuk membaca perubahan vegetasi, permukaan terbangun, dan respons termal. Analisis statistik dilakukan melalui korelasi Pearson, regresi linier berganda, serta analisis delta berbasis sampel spasial hasil thinning 150 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permukiman meningkat 12,18%, area terbangun berbasis NDBI bertambah 2,77 km², vegetasi tinggi menurun 7,43%, dan rata-rata LST naik 2,57°C. Kenaikan suhu terutama terkonsentrasi di inti kota dan koridor pesisir. NDVI berasosiasi negatif dengan LST, sedangkan NDBI berasosiasi positif dengan peningkatan suhu permukaan. Kesimpulannya, intensifikasi permukaan keras dan penurunan vegetasi memperkuat tekanan panas permukaan di Parigi. Implikasinya, perencanaan kota pesisir tropis perlu mengintegrasikan strategi adaptif skala bangunan dan kawasan melalui vegetasi, koridor hijau-biru, material reflektif, ventilasi alami, serta instrumen RDTR, RTBL, dan perizinan bangunan.   Kata kunci: tutupan lahan; NDVI; NDBI; LST; arsitektur tropis adaptif   ABSTRACT:  Parigi is experiencing urban thermal pressure. This study aims to analyze the relationship between land cover change, vegetation density, built-up intensity, and land surface temperature in Parigi as a small tropical coastal city. Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS images from 2014 and 2021 were processed using Google Earth Engine. Land cover classification was performed using a Supervised Random Forest algorithm, while NDVI, NDBI, and LST were calculated to identify changes in vegetation, built-up surfaces, and thermal response. Statistical analysis was conducted using Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, and delta analysis based on spatially thinned samples at 150 m intervals. The results show that settlement areas increased by 12.18%, NDBI-based built-up areas expanded by 2.77 km², high-density vegetation decreased by 7.43%, and mean LST rose by 2.57°C. The highest temperature increases were concentrated in the urban core and coastal corridor. NDVI was negatively associated with LST, whereas NDBI was positively associated with surface temperature increase. The study concludes that the intensification of impervious surfaces and the decline of vegetation have strengthened surface heat pressure in Parigi. These findings imply that tropical coastal urban planning should integrate adaptive strategies at building and district scales through vegetation, green-blue corridors, reflective materials, natural ventilation, and regulatory instruments such as detailed spatial plans, urban design guidelines, and building permits.   Keywords: land cover change; NDVI; NDBI; LST; adaptive tropical architecture