Tinjauan Literatur: Informalitas Permukiman Informal Perkotaan

Andi Annisa Amalia, Ikaputra Ikaputra

Abstract


Permukiman informal seringkali berkembang menjadi struktur yang lebih formal namun sulit untuk diidentifikasi secara jelas. Hal ini disebabkan oleh prinsip informalitas belum sepenuhnya dipahami secara teoritis, terutama pada spasial. Dari sudut pandang teritorial, permukiman informal sering tidak terlihat dalam struktur kota formal, bahkan jalanannya tidak tercatat dalam peta formal. Untuk  memahami prinsip informalitas dalam proses perkembangan permukiman informal, langkah awal yang diperlukan adalah melakukan tinjauan literatur. Tujuan studi literatur dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan prinsip dasar informalitas dalam permukiman informal perkotaan. Metode penelusuran literatur informalitas permukiman informal menggunakan analisis bibliometrik, State of The Art, etimologi, teoretis dan studi kasus di beberapa negara wilayah global selatan sebagai referensi. Adapun hasil tinjauan literatur: 1) Analisis Bibliometrik Vosviewer menghasilkan lima klasterisasi yaitu informal settlement, informal settlements, housing, urban development dan urban morphology; 2) subyek permukiman informal erat dengan urbanisasi, informalitas, perubahan iklim, daerah terbangun dan hunian terjangkau; 3) lokus permukiman informal umumnya terkonsentrasi di pusat kota, bangunan hunian, slum, squater, dan negara berkembang; 4) Informalitas permukiman informal perkotaan muncul dan tumbuh secara generatif melalui pengorganisasian mandiri dan kumpulan adaptif sebagai strategi bermukim, berkembang dengan spontan, tidak terdaftar dan ilegal; 5) Mode produksi permukiman informal adalah irregular (sporadis), inferior, insecure (tidak terjamin), illegal (ilegal), insurgent (perlawanan), incremental (inkremental) dan improvisation (improvisasi). Informalitas dalam permukiman informal diawali dengan urbanisasi informal, mencakup praktik-praktik spasial permukiman yang berasal dari ide dan inisiatif para pemukim. Secara teknis terbentuk di luar jangkauan peraturan, tidak terkendali dan tidak terencana.

Keywords


Informalitas, Ilegal, Permukiman, Spontan, Tidak Terdaftar

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26618/j-linears.v7i1.14344

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