KONFIKS: Journal of research results in Languages, Literature and Teaching. Jurnal Konfiks is a peer-reviewed journal managed of Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar in collaboration with Perkumpulan Program Studi Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (IKAPROBSI) with registered numbers e-ISSN 2746-1866 and p-ISSN 2355 -2638. Published four times a year, namely in March, June, September, and December. The scope of research results that can be published in the Jurnal Konfiks are: Indonesian language: Scientific language studies (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing); Indonesian literature: Literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature, adaptation studies (ekranasi), sociology of literature; Indonesian Language and Literature Education: Lesson planning, learning strategies, assessment and evaluation, curriculum development, teaching materials, and educational media. The Editorial Board provides a space for Researchers, Academics, and Practitioners to share knowledge by following the provisions in focus and scope, publication ethics, writing guidelines, review processes, and journal templates that must be followed by writers. With an online submission system, ensure that articles meet journal submission guidelines. For further information, please refer to the KONFIKS Journal's terms and conditions or contact us at konfiks@unismuh.ac.id
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SPEECH ACTS OF BULLYING AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FILM SERIES "THE GLORY"
Bullying is a social phenomenon that frequently occurs across various levels of society, including educational settings that should serve as spaces for human character development. The high prevalence of bullying cases in Indonesia indicates that acts of intimidation remain a serious issue, particularly for women who are more vulnerable to psychological pressure. The Korean drama The Glory explicitly depicts various forms of bullying against female students, making it relevant to be analyzed through a pragmatic perspective. This study aims to explain the types of verbal bullying speech acts against women in The Glory, the forms of utterances used, and the resulting psychological impacts. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive method with data collected through observation and note-taking of utterances in the film containing verbal bullying. The data were analyzed using Searle’s speech act theory and the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, while data validity was ensured through triangulation of methods, sources, and instruments. The findings show that verbal bullying speech acts include directive, representative, assertive, and expressive types. The forms of verbal bullying comprise shouting harshly, threatening and intimidating, mocking and belittling, and using degrading nicknames. The psychological impacts include anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, social isolation, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study emphasizes that speech act analysis in films can serve as an educational medium to raise public awareness of the dangers of verbal bullying against women.
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THE EFFECT OF TIKTOK MEDIA USE IN IMPROVING POETRY WRITING SKILLS IN THE DIGITAL ERA OF CLASS D STUDENTS OF SEMESTER VI CLASS OF 2022 INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION, TADULAKO UNIVERSITY
This study investigates the impact of TikTok media on improving skills in students involved in Indonesian language and literature education in the context of the digital era, with the aim of explaining the application's effectiveness as a learning medium in developing writing skills. This research uses a descriptive quantitative methodology, utilizing testing and observation techniques for data collection, followed by data reduction and analysis of individual scores through SPSS, based on pre- and post-test results. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test showed a significant improvement in poetry writing skills, with an average pre-test score of 68.30 and a post-test score increasing to 82.60, reflecting an increase of 14.30 points. In addition, a significance score of 0.000 < 0.05 confirms that TikTok media positively influences poetry writing skills among class D students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, demonstrating its effectiveness as a learning tool in the digital era. In addition to improving writing skills, this media also motivates students to be more creative through audio elements. In Indonesian language learning, students are encouraged to improve their communication skills and develop an appreciation for a work of art. However, Indonesian language learning is often considered boring by students because the methods and media used do not attract students' attention and there are several generic obstacles, including: students and teachers. Meanwhile, in this study, students are expected to be able to apply the TikTok application as a learning medium.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PER CEPTION OF USING STORYBIRD ON ENGLISH WRITING SKILL
This qualitative study explores students’ perceptions of using Storybird to develop English writing skills among 18 intermediate-level students at SMA Negeri Binjai over a 10-week implementation period. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), as well as semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that students’ perceptions were predominantly positive, with 81.1% reporting favorable views of Storybird. Creativity stimulation (88.8%) and increased motivation (87.5%) emerged as the platform’s strongest attributes. Students appreciated the visual storytelling approach for generating ideas, organizing writings more effectively, and facilitating collaborative learning. Challenges identified included platform navigation and internet connectivity issues. The study confirms that Storybird effectively supports three basic psychological needs autonomy, competence, and relatedness—enhancing intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in writing. These findings contribute to the literature on technology-enhanced language learning and provide empirical support for using digital storytelling platforms in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL).
REPRESENTATION OF GOVERNMENT IDEOLOGY IN LAW ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMINAL ACTS NUMBER 12 OF 2022: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS STUDY
Legal texts function not only as normative instruments but also as discursive products containing power relations and state ideology. Therefore, to critically understand the representation of government ideology in Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS), a discourse study was conducted using Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) approach. The analysis was conducted through three dimensions: text, discourse practices, and socio-cultural practices. This research employed a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach to legal texts. The data sources used consisted of primary data, namely Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence, and secondary data sources in the form of literature related to the representation of ideology in discourse through Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. In the text dimension, M.A.K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics theory, particularly ideational metafunctions through transitivity systems, is used to examine the representation of actions, actors, and events in key articles of the TPKS Law. The analysis of discourse practices highlights the processes of production and consumption of legal texts, while socio-cultural practices are traced through the historical, political, and ideological contexts behind their formation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the linguistic structure of the TPKS Law frames the state as the dominant protective actor, while women tend to be represented passively; (2) the discourse practices of this law demonstrate a tug-of-war between the progressive ideology of civil society and conservative pressures from state actors and religious groups; (3) the socio-cultural context of the TPKS Law is influenced by patriarchal culture, electoral political calculations, and global demands. This study emphasizes the importance of critical evaluation of legal language in public policy, particularly regarding issues of sexual violence and gender inequality.
STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING COMPETENCIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS IN THE DESCRIPTIVE STRUCTURE OF THE SECTION
Students are required to have creative thinking competencies to face challenges in the 21st century. Creative thinking is an ability that plays an important role in the 21st century because it helps students find solutions with new innovations. In Indonesian, this creative thinking competency can be used to write descriptive texts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the creative thinking competencies used by ninth-grade students of SMP Batik PK Surakarta in writing descriptive texts that focus on the structure of the description section. A qualitative approach is used in this study. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method. Document techniques and close reading techniques are the data collection techniques for this study. Content analysis techniques are chosen as the data analysis technique for this study. The results of the study show that 18.18% of students have moderate creative thinking competencies and 81.82% of students have high creative thinking competencies. From these results, it can be stated that the average ninth-grade students of SMP Batik PK Surakarta have high creative thinking competencies. The results of this study provide theoretical implications for the study of writing skills and show that there is a role of creative thinking competencies in compiling students' descriptive texts. The results of this study can be beneficial to various parties, such as teachers, students and schools. This research opens up opportunities for further research to continue the relationship between creative thinking competencies and other text writing skills.
CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING IN THE LANGUAGE USE OF INFLUENCER @LINGLINGLIEANTI ON TIKTOK
The phenomenon of code-switching and code-mixing has become increasingly prominent in digital communication, particularly on social media platforms. TikTok, as a multimodal medium, provides a unique space for the blending of local and global linguistic resources. This study aims to describe the types of code-switching and forms of code-mixing employed in the TikTok content of @linglinglieanti, as well as to identify the underlying social and pragmatic factors. Adopting a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzed 34 videos uploaded in January 2025. Data were collected through free listening observation, documentation, and note-taking techniques, and analyzed using a combination of the matching method and distribution method. The findings reveal that external code-switching (Indonesian–English, Javanese–English, Indonesian–Korean, and Mandarin–Indonesian) is more dominant than internal switching (Indonesian–Javanese). Code-mixing occurred in the forms of words, reduplications, word groups, and clauses. The factors driving these phenomena include global cultural trends, cultural identity, humor and stylistic strategies, the prestige of foreign languages, interpersonal intimacy, and lexical gaps. These results demonstrate that code-switching and code-mixing in digital contexts are not random occurrences but adaptive strategies functioning as communicative tools, identity markers, and performative acts. Theoretically, this study contributes to sociolinguistic inquiry in digital contexts, while practically, it offers insights for language learning, digital literacy, and multilingual awareness.
EXPLORING CHILDREN’S PERCEPTIONS OF THE “READ ALONG BY GOOGLE APPLICATION” TO ENHANCE READING MOTIVATION
This study stems from concerns about declining reading interest among children in the digital era and the need for literacy approaches compatible with technological progress. It aims to explore elementary school children’s perceptions of the Read Along by Google application and analyze its impact on enhancing reading motivation within a home-based learning context. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used, collecting data from ten children aged 9 to 11 through naturalistic observations, semi-structured interviews, and parental reflective journals over two months. The study took place in Tanjung Morawa, North Sumatra, Indonesia—a suburban area where access to digital learning tools is improving but still uneven. Findings indicate that children viewed the app as an enjoyable, non-intimidating reading companion. Features such as real-time voice feedback from Diya, a star-based reward system, and engaging visual stories significantly boosted emotional involvement and reading interest. The children began reading independently, showed increased confidence, and established consistent daily reading habits. Parents observed a shift in behavior—from reading as a duty to reading by choice. These findings support the Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan), Sociocultural Theory (Vygotsky), and the concept of Technology-Enhanced Learning (Laurillard), all of which emphasize fulfilling psychological needs, using appropriate learning tools, and encouraging digital interaction. Read Along demonstrates potential as a transformative tool for nurturing children’s reading interest and habits, especially in informal settings such as the home.
TEACHERS’ DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
Teachers’ language in the learning process plays an important role as a medium of interaction, guidance, and the creation of a conducive classroom atmosphere. One of the dominant forms of language use is directive speech acts, as through these acts teachers can provide instructions, ask questions, and give directions directly related to learning activities. Variations in speaking styles and politeness strategies employed by teachers often influence the effectiveness of communication and students’ participation in learning. This study aims to analyze the use of directive speech acts by teachers in Indonesian language instruction at SMP Al-Madinah Islamic Boarding School. The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research subjects consisted of two Indonesian language teachers, Anggi Nofrizon and Yasmin Delta Kori, who were selected based on differences in teaching styles to obtain varied data. Data were collected using the listening without participation method (simak bebas libat cakap), recording, and note-taking, with the researcher as the main instrument supported by a recording device (Redmi 12) and field notes. The data, in the form of teachers’ utterances, were classified into types of directive speech acts (requesting, commanding, questioning, prohibiting, pleading, and advising), speaking strategies (direct speech, positive politeness, negative politeness, indirect speech, and silent speech), and were analyzed using politeness principles (tact maxim, modesty maxim, approbation maxim, agreement maxim, and sympathy maxim). The results show that the most dominant type of directive speech act is questioning (98 data), the most frequently used speaking strategy is direct speech (170 data), and the most dominant politeness principle is the approbation maxim (145 data). These findings indicate that teachers tend to use direct communication and open-ended questions to enhance student participation. However, politeness aspects still need to be considered in order to create a supportive and humanistic learning environment.
A REVIEW OF STRUCTURE, IMAGINATION, COHERENCE, AND LEARNING MOTIVATION IN WRITING FICTIONAL FABLE STORIES AMONG THIRD-GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study was motivated by the low writing proficiency among elementary school students, particularly in composing structured, imaginative, and coherent fable narratives. Writing is a fundamental literacy skill that should be nurtured from an early age. The aim of this research is to describe the fable writing skills of third-grade elementary students in terms of structure, imagination, and coherence, to examine their relationship with students’ motivation to write. The novelty of this study lies in the integration of linguistic and psycho-pedagogical analyses by linking the quality of students’ written work with their motivational profiles. This research employed an exploratory quantitative survey method, involving 50 students from one elementary school in Gugus II, Pulo Ampel District, as the sample. The research instruments consisted of a writing test and a writing motivation questionnaire. The results indicated that students’ writing ability was generally in the “emerging” category (mean score: 10.06 out of 18), while their writing motivation was in the “moderate” category (mean score: 43.82 out of 60). A weak but positive correlation was found between writing motivation and writing ability (r = 0.367; p < 0.05). These findings suggest the need for instructional models that simultaneously enhance students’ writing skills and motivation.
THE CHALLENGE OF DIFFERENTIATED LEARNING IN INDONESIAN LANGUAGE EDUCATION IN HIGH SCHOOLS
Differentiated learning is an approach in the Merdeka Curriculum that aims to tailor the learning process to students' readiness, interests, and learning profiles. Teachers, as educators, play the role of facilitators who design learning experiences according to students' characteristics. However, in practice, they often face obstacles. This study aims to describe the challenges faced by teachers in implementing differentiated learning in Indonesian language lessons at the senior high school level. This study uses a qualitative phenomenological approach, involving three Indonesian language teachers of grade X at SMA Negeri 7 Tanjungpinang as the primary data sources. Data collection techniques include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis in this study used the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity was obtained through technical triangulation and theoretical triangulation. The results of the study indicate that teachers face several challenges in implementing differentiated instruction, including time constraints, students' learning conditions and focus, and limitations in learning facilities and infrastructure. Despite these challenges, the teachers have demonstrated initiative and adaptability through various instructional strategies, the use of technological tools such as LMS and WhatsApp, and the creation of a pleasant and adaptive learning environment. This study can enrich the study of differentiated learning, particularly in Indonesian language learning in senior high schools, and can serve as a reference for teachers and schools in developing adaptive learning strategies in line with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum.
LINGUISTIC POLITENESS IN EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS ON THE PODCAST 'CURHAT BANG DENNY SUMARGO
Linguistic politeness in everyday conversations is crucial for maintaining social relationships. However, in the context of digital media, particularly podcasts, linguistic politeness is often overlooked or unnoticed. The podcast Curhat Bang Denny Sumargo has become one of the platforms that feature informal conversations with various verbal expressions that can influence the understanding of linguistic politeness. This study aims to analyze expressive speech acts in the podcast and examine how linguistic politeness is applied in conversations between guests with specific social relationships. The method used is a qualitative approach with a corpus linguistics approach, and data is obtained from transcripts of episodes selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was done by listening to and transcribing each selected episode, and then analyzing it using expressive speech act theory, speech strategies, and the politeness principles of Brown and Levinson. The research results show that linguistic politeness in this podcast is greatly influenced by the social context and the relationships between the guests, as well as the expressive expressions used in different communication situations. In conclusion, this study reveals that expressive speech acts in the podcast provide insights into the application of linguistic politeness in digital media, which is often more relaxed and informal compared to face-to-face conversations.
INCREASING ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' INTEREST IN READING WITH THE WORDWALL METHOD: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
The reading interest of elementary school students in Indonesia is low, even though reading is the key to gaining knowledge and academic success. WordWall, an online interactive platform that allows teachers to create games and learning activities, promises to increase students' interest and motivation in the context of reading literacy. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the WordWall method in increasing the reading interest of elementary school students. This study uses a systematic literature review approach using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline. The subjects of the study were the 50 most relevant articles out of the 948 articles identified. Data collection techniques through systematic search and selection of articles. Data analysis is carried out by evaluating and synthesizing the results of the selected articles. The results show that WordWall consistently improves students' reading interest, motivation, and learning outcomes. Interactive features such as quizzes, puzzles, and pairing games make learning more enjoyable and encourage active student participation. Research also shows that WordWall is superior to conventional methods in creating a fun and interactive learning atmosphere. While WordWall is effective, its implementation still faces challenges such as the need for technology devices, content adaptation for various subjects, and teacher training. This research contributes by providing a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of WordWall and highlighting the need for further research on long-term impact and implementation in a variety of school contexts.
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ANALYSIS OF THE RELEVANCE OF HYMES THEORY TO LANGUAGE LEARNING THROUGH FILM
The background of language research is not only as a communication tool, but also as a reflection of society's culture, values and social norms. So, the presence of language and pragmatics in this research has an important role in revealing more deeply what communication patterns are. This research aims to dig deeply into the analysis of pragmatic studies on aspects of Speaking Dell Hymes. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data sources Dialogue Script/Miracle in Cell Film Script No. 7 Indonesian version d an viewing the original video of the Film in the Prime Video application, a descriptive analysis research method using data analysis techniques in the Listen Technique, the Note technique, Data collection is collected through Data Transcription: Transcribing recorded data into text form and analyzing it based on the elements of the Speaking model. The analysis results show that this film contains 129 scenes with a duration of 00:00:00 to 02:21:46 (2 hours 21 minutes 46 seconds) with 129 communication segments which show complex and diverse interaction dynamics. There were 108 recorded data settings and scenes, 32 participants, 104 endings or speech objectives, 2 forms of act sequences, 3 key variations (tone and spirit), 2 types of instrumentalities (verbal and nonverbal), 1 interaction norm, and 2 types of delivery genres. The research results show that there are various forms of speech events that reflect the presence of the “speaking” aspect component in Miracle In Cell Film No. 7 Indonesian Version. This analysis makes a theoretical contribution to language learning through pragmatics and sociolinguistics, especially in understanding the social context of language use and increasing communicative competence through authentic media such as films. Thus, the Speaking aspect component can be used to analyze speech events in films that are still relevant using Dell Hymes theory as a knife for analyzing speech events in communication interactions using digital media.
REGIONAL LANGUAGE EXCLUSION IN DIGITAL LEARNING: THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE POLICY ON EDUCATION ACCESS IN REMOTE AREAS
This research aims to examine various forms of regional language exclusion in the context of digital learning and its implications for language policy and access to education in remote areas. The approach employed is library research, involving a thorough review of various scientific journals, books, and relevant policy documents from the past decade. The study's findings indicate that regional language exclusion is reflected in several aspects, including the unavailability of learning content in local languages, a lack of teacher training related to the use of local languages, and centrally designed curricula that do not consider local linguistic diversity. This has resulted in increasing educational inequality, especially in 3T areas, where students struggle to understand the material due to the language of instruction being different from their mother tongue. This research reinforces the sociocultural constructivist perspective and a multilocal literacy approach, demonstrating a strong relationship between linguistic exclusion and disparities in access to digital education. The absence of regional languages in digital learning has broader implications, not only for students' understanding but also for their cultural identity and participation in learning. As a form of solution, this research recommends the implementation of culturally and contextually based digital learning strategies, such as the creation of bilingual content, teacher training in translingual approaches, and flexible and responsive educational policies to linguistic diversity. The integration of regional languages into digital systems is believed to create a fairer, more inclusive, and relevant education. The main contribution of this research lies in strengthening the direction of policies and educational practices that prioritize social and cultural justice in the digital era.
ETHICAL VALUES IN SARASAMUSCAYA LONTAR: A STUDY OF THEIR CONTENT AND RELEVANCE TO CHARACTER EDUCATION
Lontar Sarasamuscaya is one of the Hindu religious literary texts rich in moral and ethical teachings. This text serves not only as a spiritual guide for Hindus but also contains universal values that are relevant to character formation, especially in educational contexts. This study aims to identify and describe the ethical values contained in Sarasamuscaya, as well as to analyze their relevance to character education in the modern era. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a content analysis approach. Data were obtained through textual analysis of the Sarasamuscaya and supported by relevant literature studies. The findings indicate that the Sarasamuscaya contains various ethical values such as honesty (satya), self-control (dama), compassion (karuṇā), patience (kṣamā), and the obligation to uphold dharma. These values align with the core pillars of character education promoted in Indonesia, such as religiosity, honesty, discipline, and responsibility. Therefore, the teachings of the Sarasamuscaya are highly relevant as a source for strengthening character education, particularly for students in Hindu-based educational institutions. This research is expected to contribute to the development of value-based curricula and encourage the preservation of lontar literature as a source of noble moral teachings.
LEXICAL FEATURES IN THE TEXT OF PRABOWO SUBIANTO'S PRESIDENTIAL INAUGURATION SPEECH IN 2024
Political speeches play a strategic role in conveying ideological messages and constructing meaning that influences public opinion. In the Indonesian political context, the presidential inauguration speech is a crucial moment that not only reflects the leadership vision but also serves as a means to construct a national narrative, strengthen leadership legitimacy, and symbolically convey the government's agenda. This study aims to describe the use of lexical features in President Prabowo Subianto's 2024 inauguration speech. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with distributional analysis techniques to identify and examine the lexical elements that shape meaning and ideology in the speech text. The focus of the study includes classification patterns, ideological vocabulary, lexicalization, meaning relations, euphemistic expressions, and the use of metaphors. The results of the study indicate that the speech represents a strong ideological construction, marked by the dominance of national narratives, calls for unity, and the affirmation of the people's role as the main axis of power. The choice of diction in the speech reflects a political communication strategy that is not only persuasive, but also ideological, thus playing a significant role in shaping public perception of national leadership figures. These findings confirm that lexical features in political speeches function more than just rhetorical tools for President Prabowo Subianto, but also serve as effective ideological instruments in directing discourse and shaping public opinion. This research demonstrates that the language of inaugural speeches needs to be understood not only from a surface semantic perspective but also from an ideological perspective, as it reflects specific interests and plays a crucial role in hegemonic processes. This research contributes to critical discourse studies in the Indonesian political context, particularly in understanding how power is mediated through language. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for further research on linguistic strategies in political communication.
MOTIVATION TO LEARN INDONESIAN AMONG STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 BANGSRI JEPARA REGENCY
Many students show a lack of enthusiasm in participating in Indonesian language lessons. Based on their passive attitude during the learning process, where students tend to be more silent and less actively participate. The purpose of this research is to describe the causes and effects of learning motivation on the students of SMA Negeri 1 Bangsri, Jepara Regency. This study uses qualitative methods. Students' learning motivation in the Indonesian Language subject at SMA Negeri 1 Bangsri shows a quite significant variation. The data sources for this research are the teachers and students of SMA Negeri 1 Bangsri, while the data in this study is the students' learning motivation in the Indonesian language subject using interviews with teachers and students. Qualitative data analysis is a method used to organize, analyze, and interpret non-numeric data, especially in exploratory research. The results of the interview research conducted with Indonesian language teachers and students show a low level of learning motivation due to several influencing factors. Several factors that influence the motivation to learn Indonesian at SMA Negeri 1 Bangsri include internal and external factors. By implementing innovative learning strategies and creating a supportive learning environment, it is hoped that students' motivation to learn Indonesian can significantly increase.
AN EXPLORATION OF LOCAL LITERATURE AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING CULTURAL TOURISM IN HULU SUNGAI SELATAN
This article presents the development of research on local literature and community culture in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency, focusing on the exploration and preservation of legends and traditional rituals that are still alive within the society. The article aims to document and analyze the local wisdom values contained in folk tales, such as the Legends of Banyu Baulak and Batu Laki and Batu Bini, as well as their role in the social and spiritual life of the community. Through a qualitative approach, this research collects data from interviews, observations, and literature reviews to understand the meaning and relevance of these legends in a modern context. Additionally, this article explores the potential for developing cultural tourism based on local legends, which can raise awareness of the importance of cultural and environmental preservation. Preliminary results show that local literature not only serves as a cultural heritage but also as a tool to empower the community and attract tourist interest. By integrating educational and interactive elements, such as cultural festivals and educational tour packages, it is hoped to increase community participation and attract the attention of younger generations. This report is expected to make a significant contribution to cultural preservation efforts and tourism development in the area, as well as strengthen the cultural identity of the Hulu Sungai Selatan community.
PRESERVING RIAU MALAY ALLUSIONS: A LINGUISTIC APPROACH TO CHARACTER EDUCATION
Riau Malay is a vital part of Indonesia’s oral heritage, reflecting the socio-cultural identity of the Riau Malay community. In everyday interactions, Riau Malays frequently use allusive language as a means of politeness and as a reflection of cultural values. These linguistic expressions facilitate respectful communication and serve as a tool for character education. This study aims to redefine the role of Riau Malay figurative expressions as more than just linguistic tools, but as fundamental components of politeness and ethical communication. Additionally, it examines how these linguistic traditions can be preserved and integrated into higher education to foster character development, particularly in instilling values such as integrity, empathy, and respect among university students. A qualitative descriptive approach was used to analyze figurative expressions in Riau Malay. Data collection included documentation of traditional linguistic expressions and interviews with cultural experts and educators. The analysis focused on the role of allusions in social interactions and their contribution to shaping ethical behavior. Findings reveal that Riau Malay allusions are deeply embedded in cultural communication, serving as markers of politeness and carriers of moral and ethical values. These expressions reflect virtues such as humility, respect, and social harmony, reinforcing positive character traits among speakers. Incorporating Riau Malay figurative language into higher education has shown potential in strengthening students' cultural identity and ethical behavior. Interviews with educators revealed that students who engage with Malay linguistic traditions develop a deeper appreciation for local wisdom and improve their interpersonal communication skills. This study underscores the importance of preserving and promoting Riau Malay allusions as a means of fostering character education in higher learning institutions. By integrating these expressions into academic discourse, universities contribute to cultural heritage preservation while instilling ethical values in students. Future research should explore the long-term impact of structured linguistic programs on moral development and identify further ways to integrate traditional linguistic wisdom into modern educational frameworks.
MANTRA TETULUNGAN: STRUCTURE AND MEANING REVIEW
Mantra is a part of oral literature that is still commonly found in the lives of Indonesian people. The Tetulungan Mantra is one of the Javanese mantras that is still sustainable in the life of the people of the village of Cahaya Mas. This research was conducted to describe the structure and meaning of the Tetulungan mantra in the life of the Javanese people of Cahaya Mas village, Mesuji Makmur district. This research is a type of field research conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is in the form of quotations of words or sentences contained in the Tetulungan mantra. Mantras are obtained through an interview process conducted with elders who master the Tetulungan spell. After all the data is sufficient, then the analysis process is carried out using interactive techniques. The results of the research show that the Javanese mantra has the main function of rejecting various logs, calamities, calamities, and all the suffering that can come in human life. The spell has a unique structure compared to the structure of spells in general. Successively, the structure of the Tetulungan mantra includes opening, aim, suggestion, and closing elements. The mantra begins with the remembrance of Allah and ends with complete submission to Allah, the one who has power over all things. It also shows that the Tetulungan spell can only be recited by people who believe in Islam as their religion. In addition, the Tetulungan mantra also contains a very deep meaning regarding belief in God's power, submission to God, and the human perspective on God's creation.
COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN THE FIRST PUBLIC DEBATE OF THE 2024 RIAU GUBERNATORIAL CANDIDATES: A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
The first public debate of the 2024 Riau gubernatorial election is a significant political and linguistic event, where candidates utilize the debate platform to construct political credibility through discursive strategies. This study aims to describe and analyze the forms of commissive illocutionary speech acts, particularly promises, used by candidates during the debate. The focus is on identifying verbal commitments as indicators of future policy intentions. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach, with the primary data sourced from a 1-hour-59-minute debate video broadcast by Kompas TV. Data were collected through documentation and transcription methods, and analyzed using Searle’s (1969) speech act theory, specifically the commissive category. The data analysis followed the Miles & Huberman model through stages of reduction, display, and verification. The findings reveal that commissive speech acts, especially promises, dominate the candidates' communication strategies and fall into three thematic domains: (1) infrastructure & technology development, (2) improving welfare & poverty alleviation, and (3) governance & education integrity. Candidates frequently employ futuristic verbs such as “will” and “intend” as rhetorical tools to establish public trust. This study contributes to the field of political pragmatics and language literacy, especially in the context of regional political debates. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single debate session, without examining post-election promise fulfillment. Future research is encouraged to explore the gap between political utterances and policy implementation.
AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHER’S SOCIAL MEDIA AND ITS RELATION TO POLITENESS THEORY
The involvement of social media in people’s life marks the beginning of the Industrial Revolution 5.0. The abundance of post in social media can creat a public image of a certain professional. It also includes the creation of public image of a teacher. Teachers as a part of society also upload pictures and videos, but apparently they consider their job as to create a certain perception about themselves in front of the society. This study aims to examine the language used on teachers’ social media accounts in relation to face saving theory and politeness strategy. The data was gatherered from individuals who commented on these social media posts. The study involves two teachers who are actively engaged on social media platform. It employs a basic qualitative research approach, with data collected through observation. Thematic analysis was applied to interpret the observed data. The result reveal that the teachers maintain a positive self image by showcasing their achievements, professional experiences, and personal lifestyles online. Meanwhile, their followers tend to use positive politeness strategies, such as expressing appreciation and highlighting similarities, to acknowledge and support the teachers’ positive self presentation. The finding of this study enrich the theory of the politeness strategy used by a teacher to create their public image. The perception of students toward teacher’s public image can affect how the learning process is achieved later on in practical way.
SEXISM AND GENDER CONSTRUCTS IN THE NOVEL TUHAN IZINKAN AKU MENJADI PELACUR: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study examines acts of sexism in the novel Tuhan Ijinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur through a qualitative approach using critical discourse analysis. Data collection was carried out through documentation studies. The data were then analyzed through three stages, namely description, interpretation, and explanation. This study focuses on textual excerpts that contain sexist elements against men and women. Through a critical discourse analysis approach, the novel Tuhan Ijinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur by Muhidin M. Dahlan reveals how language and narrative are used to reproduce, challenge, and deconstruct male power over women and female power over men in society. The research findings reveal two main forms of sexism in the novel. First, sexism against men is depicted through gender stereotypes that depict men as strong, responsible, and the main breadwinners for the family. In addition, men in the novel experience various forms of violence and sexual harassment, including physical violence and verbal abuse. This depiction reinforces rigid gender expectations that limit male identity to certain roles and behaviors. Second, sexism against women is manifested through stereotypes that impose expectations of nurturing, obedience, and moral purity. Women are subjected to acts of violence and sexual harassment, reflecting the broader social injustices they face. The novel illustrates how gender constructs contribute to oppression and inequality. Through its narrative, Tuhan Izinkan Aku Menjadi Pelacur presents sexism as a multidimensional issue that affects both genders. A critical discourse analysis of the novel reveals that the work not only presents the personal narratives of a woman and a man, but also serves as a tool for social critique that challenges gender constructs and sexism that are deeply rooted in society. The novel encourages readers to reflect on and question social and religious norms that have been accepted uncritically, and advocates for the importance of gender equality and individual freedom.
TUNDANG ORAL ART AS AN EDUCATIONAL MEDIUM: A STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
Tundang art is a form of oral literature from the Malay community in West Kalimantan that contains educational, moral, religious, and cultural values passed down through generations. This study aims to reveal the structure and function of tundang art as a traditional educational medium within the Malay society, focusing on tundang verses themed around the 27th Musabaqah Tilawatil Quran (MTQ) of West Kalimantan Province. The research employs a structural and functional approach with a qualitative descriptive method. Data were collected through documentation, transcription, and text analysis of 15 purposively selected tundang verses. The results show that structurally, the tundang verses have a consistent rhyme pattern (a-b-a-b), consist of four lines per stanza, each line containing 6–9 syllables, with a division between the sampiran (opening) and isi (content) reflecting the typology of Malay pantun. Functionally, tundang serves as a medium for moral education (instilling ethics and politeness), religious education (strengthening Islamic values), cultural education (preserving local customs and traditions), and entertainment (engaging through rhythm and wordplay). This study concludes that tundang not only functions as a performing art but also as a rich educational vehicle, making it highly potential for development in literature learning based on local wisdom.
LANGUAGE AND VISUAL STYLE IN POLITICAL DISCOURSE: REFLECTIONS ON IDENTITY AND ITS IMPACT ON THE PUBLIC
This study explores how language choices and visual styles in political communication serve to reflect candidates’ identities, express ideological narratives, and shape public perception. Utilizing a qualitative approach with ethnographic methods, the research involves participatory observation, in-depth interviews with campaign teams, and analysis of visual campaign materials from local political contexts. Grounded in sociopragmatic stylistics theory, the study examines how verbal and visual elements interact within specific socio-cultural frameworks to construct persuasive political messages. Findings show that the strategic use of local languages and culturally embedded symbols enhances emotional engagement between candidates and constituents. Language that aligns with regional identity fosters trust and relatability, reinforcing the authenticity of the candidate’s image. Visual aspects such as color selection, layout design, typography, and symbolic imagery play a crucial role in reinforcing ideological positioning and constructing coherent public personas. These visual cues often communicate values, aspirations, and affiliations more powerfully than verbal language alone. However, the research also uncovers the potential for dissonance when verbal messages are not visually supported or when visuals contradict spoken rhetoric. Such inconsistencies can weaken the intended message and lead to misinterpretation or distrust among the public. The study’s novelty lies in its integration of ethnographic methodology with sociopragmatic stylistics to examine local-level political campaign communication an area still underexplored in Indonesian political studies. These insights provide valuable implications for academics, political strategists, and communication practitioners in designing more coherent, context-sensitive, and impactful political campaigns that resonate with target audiences.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONFIDENCE AND WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ARABIC LANGUAGE LEARNING PROCESS
Low student participation in communication during Arabic language learning often poses a significant barrier to the development of language proficiency. One of the psychological factors believed to influence this participation is self-confidence, which is closely associated with the concept of Willingness to Communicate (WTC). WTC reflects an individual's readiness to initiate communication in a second or foreign language, and it is considered a critical predictor of successful language use in instructional contexts. This study aims to investigate the relationship between self-confidence and WTC in the context of Arabic language learning. Employing a quantitative research design with a survey approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered to university students. The data were then analyzed using correlation techniques to examine the strength and direction of the relationship between the two variables. The findings indicate a significant positive correlation between self-confidence and WTC, suggesting that students with higher self-confidence levels are more likely to engage actively in communication during language learning activities. These results contribute to the field of language education by highlighting the importance of psychological factors in communicative competence. The study underscores the need to incorporate strategies that foster students’ self-confidence as a means to enhance their willingness to communicate, thereby promoting more effective and interactive Arabic language instruction.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT ON PERTUKARAN MAHASISWA MERDEKA (PMM) UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH TANGERANG ON LEARNING INDONESIAN
PeProgram Pertukaran Mahasiswa Merdeka (PMM) offers students the opportunity to study at other universities across Indonesia, enriching their academic and cultural experiences. Exposure to different cultural and environmental contexts may influence the learning process, particularly in mastering the Indonesian language. This study aims to examine the influence of cultural and environmental factors on the academic performance of PMM students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang, employing a quantitative causal approach. The findings reveal that cultural differences significantly impact learning outcomes due to disparities between students’ home cultures and the host institution’s cultural context. However, environmental factors were found to have no significant effect, as both the sending and receiving institutions provide equally supportive learning environments with qualified educators. Theoretically, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of cultural variables in shaping learning behavior within multilingual and multicultural contexts. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of cultural adaptation programs in student exchange initiatives to enhance academic integration and learning outcomes. Therefore, universities are encouraged to develop orientation and support strategies that are responsive to the cultural diversity of their students.
CONTEXT-BASED INDONESIAN LANGUAGE LEARNING FOR LITERACY ERADICATION AND LITERACY IMPROVEMENT IN KOKODA VILLAGE, PAPUA
The low proficiency in the Indonesian language among residents of Kokoda Village serves as the primary background for this study, which is influenced by limited access to formal education and the complex socio-cultural context of the community. This research aims to measure the improvement in participants’ Indonesian language skills after engaging in a learning program designed with a contextual and participatory approach, as well as to understand the level of participant engagement throughout the program implementation. A quantitative descriptive method was employed, involving 45 participants as research subjects. Data were collected through tests assessing writing, reading, and speaking abilities in Indonesian. Data analysis was conducted in three stages: data processing, data management, and result interpretation, to provide a comprehensive overview of participants’ skill development. The findings reveal significant improvements across all language skill areas: reading ability increased to an average of 72%, writing ability reached 80%, and speaking ability reached 69%. Additionally, participant engagement was high, with 84% consistently attending at least 75% of the learning sessions, indicating strong motivation fostered through an interactive learning approach that integrates local content. The study’s implications highlight the importance of implementing learning programs that are sensitive to socio-cultural contexts and empower local facilitators to enhance functional literacy in remote areas. This approach not only improves learning outcomes but also supports program sustainability by strengthening social and cultural bonds within the community. The research provides recommendations for the development of more responsive educational programs that address the specific needs and characteristics of indigenous communities in future initiatives
ANALYSIS OF ANGRY EXPLOSIONS IN DELI MALAY: A STUDY OF NATURAL SEMANTIC METALANGUAGE
This study aims to describe and analyze the meaning of swear words in Deli Malay through the theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage (MSA). The focus of the study is directed at the forms of metaphors and allusions that represent the expression of anger of the Deli Malay community in the city of Medan and its surroundings. The data studied are in the form of oral speech obtained from native speakers aged over 40 years who use BM Deli in everyday life. The data collection technique was carried out using the listening method, with advanced techniques in the form of listening with conversation and listening without conversation. Data analysis was carried out using the MSA-based semantic element and explication separation technique to reveal the original meaning of each form of swearing. The results of the study show that angry swearing in Deli Malay does not only function as an emotional release, but also as a reflection of the local cultural value and cognition system. The swearing systematically utilizes linguistic references such as body parts, kinship terms, animals, professions and social activities, which have the meaning of “bad”, “doing”, “feeling”, “knowing”, and “happening” in the original meaning structure. The MSA theory makes an important contribution in identifying universal meaning elements and at the same time explaining cultural specificities in the linguistic expressions of the Deli Malay community. Thus, this study strengthens the position of MSA as an effective theory in explaining the relationship between language, emotion, and culture from a cross-linguistic semantic perspective.
LANGUAGE LESSON METHOD IN THE WALI BARIS BUGBUG DANCE IN DALEM GEDE SELAUNGAN, BANGLI DISTRICT, BANGLI REGENCY
This study aims to identify and analyze the language learning methods contained in the Wali Baris Bugbug Dance in Dalem Gede Selaungan, Bangli District, Bangli Regency. This sacred dance not only functions as a religious ritual, but also as an important medium for language transmission and preservation. Through a qualitative approach with participatory observation methods, in-depth interviews, and document analysis, this study reveals how language is taught implicitly and explicitly in the context of dance performances. The findings indicate that the language learning methods in this dance involve the use of mantras, kidung, and spoken or sung dialogues, introducing vocabulary and language structures in a functional context. In addition, dance movements, the visual symbolism of costumes, and the dancers' non-verbal expressions act as supporting elements that strengthen the understanding of language meaning. Social interactions during the performance also create an immersive learning environment. Thus, the Wali Baris Bugbug Dance is a traditional language learning model that utilizes local cultural heritage as an effective means for language education and preservation. Theoretically, this research makes an important contribution to the fields of ethnolinguistics and language pedagogy by demonstrating how traditional cultural practices can serve as a valid framework for understanding language acquisition and transmission outside of formal educational models. This research emphasizes the importance of maintaining the sustainability of these cultural practices to ensure the transmission of local languages and knowledge to future generations.