KONFIKS: Journal of research results in Languages, Literature and Teaching. Jurnal Konfiks is a peer-reviewed journal managed of Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar in collaboration with Perkumpulan Program Studi Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (IKAPROBSI) with registered numbers e-ISSN 2746-1866 and p-ISSN 2355 -2638. Published four times a year, namely in March, June, September, and December. The scope of research results that can be published in the Jurnal Konfiks are: Indonesian language: Scientific language studies (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing); Indonesian literature: Literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature, adaptation studies (ekranasi), sociology of literature; Indonesian Language and Literature Education: Lesson planning, learning strategies, assessment and evaluation, curriculum development, teaching materials, and educational media. The Editorial Board provides a space for Researchers, Academics, and Practitioners to share knowledge by following the provisions in focus and scope, publication ethics, writing guidelines, review processes, and journal templates that must be followed by writers. With an online submission system, ensure that articles meet journal submission guidelines. For further information, please refer to the KONFIKS Journal's terms and conditions or contact us at konfiks@unismuh.ac.id
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RHETORICAL STYLE OF USTADZ HANAN ATTAKI’S SERMON “THE FORGOTTEN SUNNAH” ON YOUTUBE @HANANATTAKI
This study aims to analyze the rhetorical style in the sermon “The Forgotten Sunnah” delivered by Ustadz Hanan Attaki, focusing on the forms and functions of language style in building persuasive communication in the context of digital da’wah. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through content analysis. The data consist of transcribed speech from a YouTube video and are analyzed through coding, classification, and interpretation stages. The results show that there are 50 data of language styles categorized into three main aspects. In terms of word choice, conversational style is the most dominant with 30 data, followed by informal style with 20 data, while formal style is not found. In terms of tone, there are 28 data of noble tone, 15 data of moderate tone, and 7 data combining both tones, while simple tone is absent. In sentence structure, parallelism dominates with 20 data, followed by antithesis with 15 data, repetition with 8 data, comparison with 3 data, metaphor with 1 data, and combination structures with 3 data. These findings indicate that the rhetorical style tends to be communicative, persuasive, and close to the audience, especially through conversational language and noble tone that build emotional engagement. In addition, the use of structures such as parallelism and antithesis strengthens clarity and emphasis of the message. Therefore, rhetorical style in this sermon functions not only as a communication tool but also as an effective strategy to influence audience understanding and attitudes in digital preaching contexts.
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ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DALAM PUISI KARYA SISWA KELAS VII MTS BABUSALLAM BUYA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik dalam puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa pembelajaran menulis puisi di sekolah masih lebih berfokus pada hasil akhir dan pembacaan puisi, sedangkan analisis terhadap unsur pembangun puisi belum dilakukan secara mendalam. Padahal, pemahaman terhadap unsur intrinsik sangat penting untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam mengolah ide, perasaan, dan pengalaman menjadi karya sastra yang bermakna. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian berupa 24 puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan semantik melalui langkah membaca intensif, mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasikan, dan menafsirkan unsur intrinsik puisi. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui validitas semantik, intrarater, dan interrater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa telah mampu mengekspresikan gagasan dan perasaan melalui puisi dengan tema-tema yang dekat dengan kehidupan mereka, seperti cita-cita, kasih sayang kepada orang tua, persahabatan, alam, religiusitas, dan rasa terima kasih kepada guru. Diksi yang digunakan umumnya masih sederhana, tetapi pada beberapa puisi mulai tampak kecenderungan penggunaan bahasa yang puitis. Gaya bahasa yang dominan ialah personifikasi, metafora, dan hiperbola. Rima dan irama belum terbentuk secara konsisten, tipografi masih bersifat konvensional, dan amanat puisi cenderung disampaikan secara eksplisit serta sarat nilai moral. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis puisi siswa masih berada pada tahap dasar, terutama pada aspek estetika dan musikalitas. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran menulis puisi perlu diarahkan pada penguatan diksi, variasi majas, rima, irama, dan tipografi agar kreativitas dan kepekaan estetik siswa berkembang secara optimal.
ENHANCING COMMUNITY LITERACY THROUGH CONTEXTUAL INDONESIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of context-based Indonesian language learning in improving the literacy skills of the Kokoda community in Papua. The study is motivated by the low literacy levels influenced by the dominance of local languages, limited access to education, and the lack of learning approaches relevant to daily life contexts. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method combined with a community-based participatory approach (Community-Based Learning). The research design used a one-group pre-test–post-test model involving 45 participants from various age groups. Data were collected through literacy tests, observations, reflective interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the initial literacy level of participants was categorized as low, with a mean score of 48.0. After the intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with the mean score increasing to 72.7. This improvement is supported by the paired sample t-test result (t = 12.45; p < 0.05), indicating statistical significance. In addition, participant engagement during the learning process was high, suggesting that the context-based approach effectively enhances motivation and participation. Therefore, context-based Indonesian language learning is proven to be effective in improving literacy skills and can be recommended as a strategic approach for literacy eradication and sustainable literacy development in local communities.
SYNTACTIC ERROR ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA LANGUAGE DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 1 SINDUE TOBATA
This study aims to describe the types of syntactic errors found in the descriptive essays of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Sindue Tobata. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with students’ written works as the data source. The findings show that students’ ability to apply Indonesian syntactic structures still needs improvement. The most frequent errors include phrase structure errors, such as the use of nonstandard phrases, ineffective phrases, and phrases that do not align with their syntactic functions. In addition, sentence structure errors were also identified, including run-on sentences, incomplete sentences, and disorganized sentence elements that obscure meaning. Spelling errors, particularly in the use of capital letters and punctuation marks, further reduced the clarity of students’ writing. These findings indicate that students tend to write using patterns of spoken language, resulting in poorly structured written language. The contributing factors to these errors include limited understanding of phrase concepts and effective sentences, a lack of structured writing practice, and insufficient habituation in applying the rules of Indonesian orthography (PUEBI). Therefore, a more systematic instructional approach is needed to enhance students’ syntactic skills in writing descriptive essays.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN RESPONSES TO “TOT TOT WUK WUK” SIRENS
This study examines the use of language on social media as a means of expressing attitudes, emotions, and public evaluations of social phenomena. The focus of the research is on expressive speech acts found in the comment section of a Metro TV YouTube video titled “Fitra Eri Tanggapi Kendaraan Berstrobo Tot Tot Wuk Wuk.” The aim of this study is to describe the forms of expressive speech acts used by users in responding to the content. This research employs a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The data consist of written utterances in the YouTube comment section that contain expressive speech acts. Data were collected through documentation techniques, including reading, recording, and identifying relevant comments. The data analysis was conducted by classifying the utterances based on types of expressive speech acts and interpreting their meanings within the context of digital communication. The results show that there are 50 instances of expressive speech acts, consisting of criticism (21 data), praise (17 data), expressions of gratitude (5 data), expressions of anger (4 data), condemnation (2 data), and congratulations (1 data). Meanwhile, forms such as apologizing and expressing condolences were not found. The dominance of critical expressions indicates that social media comment sections are often used as spaces to convey public evaluations of social issues.In conclusion, social media functions as a public communication space that enables individuals to express psychological attitudes, experiences, and perspectives on emerging social issues through various forms of expressive speech acts.
FEASIBILITY OF PICTURE STORYBOOK FOR READING COMPREHENSION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Despite growing recognition of the importance of contextual literacy media, there remains a significant gap in the availability of culturally grounded picture storybooks tailored to students in newly developed regions such as the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) area. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the picture storybook “Langkah Kecil Eka di Ibu Kota Nusantara” as a learning medium to improve reading comprehension skills among fourth-grade elementary school students. A qualitative descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through passive participatory observation, in-depth interviews with nine participants (two fourth-grade teachers, one school principal, and six fourth-grade students), and documentation at SD Negeri 006 Sepaku, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency. Analysis was conducted systematically on four components content/material, language, illustration, and curriculum alignment using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014), with data validity ensured through source and technical triangulation. The findings indicate that the book demonstrates high alignment with the Indonesian Language Learning Achievement for Phase B in the Merdeka Curriculum, incorporates contextual local wisdom values of IKN, and presents illustrations that support students’ inferential comprehension. This study contributes an evidence-based feasibility analysis of a locally situated literacy medium, offering a replicable framework for developing culturally responsive reading materials in under-resourced and newly established educational contexts across Indonesia.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE FEMALE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL NYI SADIKEM: SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR'S EXISTENTIALIST FEMINISM
The novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad presents the complexity of the female main character's life journey, which cannot be separated from how she is defined by patriarchal society. Using Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist approach, this study examines the forms of objectification and subjectivity of women as depicted in the novel Nyi Sadikem. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method in which the researcher serves as the key instrument. The data source is the novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad, published by Marjin Kiri. Data were collected through careful reading and note-taking. The collected data consisted of dialogues and narrative passages. The research procedure included recording data, identifying and analyzing the findings based on Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist theory, and drawing conclusions. The results show various forms of objectification experienced by the female main character, including her positioning as the Other, discrimination, and gender stereotyping. The study also identifies the subjectivity of the female protagonist as a form of resistance against her objectification, manifested through her rejection of the position as the Other, her intellectual capacity, and her engagement in work.
RECONSTRUCTION OF MALAY TEACHING VALUES IN FOLKLORE OF RIAU PROVINCE BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
This study aims to describe the Malay cultural values found in folk tales analyzed based on the concept of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu according to Tenas Effendy. The focus of the study includes religious values, hard work, responsibility, compassion, independence, self-awareness, generosity, sincerity, and gratitude. The method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The data consists of narrative quotations and character dialogues that contain Malay moral and cultural teachings, which are then analyzed by relating them to the principles of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu. The results of the study show that the characters in the stories display attitudes that are in line with the noble values of Malay society, such as working hard to earn a living, teaching selflessly, being responsible for the family, loving others, being generous, and being grateful for God's blessings. These values not only serve as guidelines for individual behavior, but also as the foundation for the formation of a civilized, religious, and noble society.
FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF THE DIGITAL GENERATION
This study aims to analyze the process of first language acquisition in children of the digital generation through a comprehensive psycholinguistic approach. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through in-depth interview techniques, systematic listening observation, recording of interactions, and detailed note-taking of a four-year-old child as the research subject. The focus of the analysis is directed at the forms of language acquisition as well as the categories of word classes used by the subject in the context of daily interactions. The research results reveal that the child’s first language acquisition involves two languages, namely Indonesian and English, demonstrating characteristics of early bilingualism developing simultaneously. The vocabulary acquired includes various categories of word classes, such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals, reflecting the variety and complexity of the language mastered by the child. Intensive exposure to the digital environment, such as the use of interactive digital media and bilingual content, is suspected to play a significant role in fostering the development of bilingual abilities in children from an early age. These findings illustrate that interaction with digital media and bilingual content not only enriches the child’s vocabulary but also accelerates the process of first language acquisition within an increasingly complex and dynamic social context. This study also emphasizes the importance of psycholinguistic studies in understanding the dynamics of language acquisition among generations growing up in the digital era, as well as its implications for the development of adaptive language learning strategies that meet the needs of today’s children. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to understanding how the digital environment influences first language development and bilingualism in preschool-aged children.
LANGUAGE VARIATION IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF THE CHINATOWN AREA IN MAGELANG CITY
Linguistic landscape research examines written language in public spaces as a reflection of societal linguistic practices across various forms of public signage. Theoretically, the linguistic landscape has two main functions: informative and symbolic. However, in practice, language use in the observed Chinatown area of Magelang tends to emphasize the informative function. This gap between theoretical concepts and actual practice motivated the present study, which was conducted in the Chinatown area of Magelang City. This study aims to identify and describe forms of language variation and the functions of the linguistic landscape in the area. This research employs a qualitative, descriptive research design. The data sources consist of visual texts found in public spaces, including signboards, banners, advertisements, and road signs. Data were collected through observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the equivalence method with the determinant element sorting technique Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP), comprising the following stages: data collection, classification by language variation type, analysis of linguistic elements, and conclusion drawing. The results show the presence of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual language variations, with monolingual language use being the most dominant. The language functions identified include informative and symbolic functions, with the informative functions being the most dominant. These findings indicate that the linguistic landscape in the Chinatown area of Magelang City is more oriented towards conveying information in public spaces.
FUNCTIONAL TEXT-BASED LEARNING FOR COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF INVITATION AND GREETING CARD TASKS
The Merdeka Curriculum promotes authentic and communicative approaches in English language teaching. However, empirical research examining how functional text tasks are pedagogically enacted in junior secondary EFL classrooms remains limited, particularly from a qualitative, process-oriented perspective. This study analyzes the implementation of invitation and greeting card tasks and explores how these practices were associated with the construction of learning quality in the classroom. An instrumental qualitative case study design was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of instructional documents and student artifacts over an eight-week instructional unit. The findings indicate that authentically framed and contextually grounded functional text tasks were associated with sustained student engagement, emerging pragmatic awareness, and peer-mediated interaction. Learning quality in this case was not attributed to task type alone; rather, it was found to be constructed through the interplay of task design, pedagogical mediation, and classroom social dynamics. The study contributes a process-oriented account of how communicative competence was mediated through functional text pedagogy at the junior secondary level. Practically, the findings offer insights into authentic task design and scaffolding strategies within the Merdeka Curriculum framework.
DEATH AS CULTURAL TEXT: HERMENEUTICS OF TORAJA LANGUAGE AND CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY
Death in Toraja society is not only understood as a biological event, but as a cultural experience that is expressed and interpreted through language. This article aims to examine the Toraja language about death as a cultural text by using a language hermeneutic approach combined with a contextual theological perspective. This research uses a qualitative-interpretive method through literature study and analysis of cultural texts on terms, expressions, and narratives of death in the Toraja language. The results of the study show that the Toraja language (especially in Aluk To Dolo) interprets death as a gradual process, maintaining the deceased as a social subject that remains related to the community, and framing death through the metaphor of a journey rich in symbolic meaning. Hermeneutic readings show that the Toraja language of death forms a relational, communal, and dynamic understanding. The contextual theological implications of this study confirm that cultural language can be a space for reflection on faith that is grounded and dialogical. Thus, this article contributes to the study of language and literature, especially in understanding the narrative of death as a cultural text, as well as enriching the development of contextual theology in Indonesia.
FLIPBOOK MEDIA ANALYSIS TO INCREASE READING INTEREST AND ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AT SD NEGERI 8 SIMPANG KEURAMAT, NORTH ACEH REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the use of Flipbook media in increasing reading interest and Indonesian language learning achievement of grade IV students at SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat, North Aceh Regency. The background of this research departs from the low level of literacy and student learning outcomes in the area, which requires interactive and interesting learning media innovation. The focus of the research is to identify the relationship between the interactive characteristics of Flipbooks and the increase in reading interest and its impact on students' academic achievement. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The place of research is SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat, North Aceh Regency. The research subjects consisted of 1V class teachers as implementers, observer teachers, peers and 25 1V class students. Research data was obtained through interviews, observation sheets, documentation, and analysis of learning outcomes. The main instrument in this study is the researcher himself with interview guides, observation sheets and documentation. The validity of the data is tested through observation diligence, triangulation (source triangulation, technique triangulation, time triangulation), member check, trail audit. The data analysis in this study uses the help of Nvivo 15 software which is useful for helping the coding process and data visualization The results show that the use of Flipbook media is able to increase students' enthusiasm in reading, improve material comprehension, and have a positive impact on learning achievement in Indonesian. Flipbooks, with their visual design and interactive features, manage to create a more enjoyable learning experience, increase student engagement, and optimize the learning process. This study recommends the use of Flipbooks as an alternative learning media in elementary schools, especially in areas with limited conventional learning resources.
THE FORM AND MEANING OF IDIOMS IN ONLINE NEWS OPINION COLUMNS OF NARASI TV
This study is motivated by the use of idioms in TV Narrative opinions, which causes its own problems because not all readers have the same understanding of the idioms used. The author uses idioms in opinions as a form of expression to convey his opinion. Idioms are also used to shorten the text so that it is more concise and straightforward. This study aims to define two forms of idioms, namely idioms based on their level of connection and their constituent elements, as well as to explain their meanings so that they can be understood by readers. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection using the observation and note-taking methods. Then, the analysis technique applies the method from Miles and Huberman. The data sources used for this study are based on 16 online opinion articles from Narasi TV. The results show that out of 16 opinion articles, 14 articles contain idiomatic expressions with a total of 22 expressions. Of the 22 idioms found, based on their level of attachment, there were 6 full idioms and 16 partial idioms. Meanwhile, based on their constituent elements, there were 6 body name idioms, 1 color idiom, 2 animal name idioms, and 13 word class idioms. The findings show that idioms and word class idioms are widely used in Narasi TV opinion articles. This indicates that Narasi TV opinion writers want to convey criticism and messages using language that is interesting but still understandable to readers. This research can contribute to the study of idiom semantics in the realm of online news opinion media, which is currently still limited.
ANALYSIS OF THE NOVELS ENTROK AND PASUNG JIWA THROUGH THE LENS OF LIBERAL FEMINISM BY OKKY MADASARI
This study conducts a comparative analysis of Okky Madasari’s novels Entrok and Pasung Jiwa through the perspective of Liberal Feminism. Entrok portrays the social reality of rural Javanese communities during the New Order era, where women are trapped within the chains of tradition, poverty, and cultural myths. Meanwhile, Pasung Jiwa presents contemporary urban dynamics through the characters Sasana and Cak Jek, who attempt to challenge the boundaries of identity, sexuality, and individual freedom. This research employs a qualitative, library-based approach. The primary data sources consist of Madasari’s Entrok and Pasung Jiwa, supported by additional materials gathered from scholarly literature, including relevant journal articles and theoretical studies. The analysis is carried out through close reading and theoretical interpretation, focusing on the manifestation of personal rights, individual rationality, and the pursuit of freedom as core values of liberal feminism. The findings reveal that Okky Madasari consistently highlights the tension between oppressive social structures and individual aspirations for self-determination. This study offers a theoretical contribution by shifting the analytical focus from collective resistance to a rearticulation of personal autonomy within contemporary Indonesian literature.
MANIFESTATION OF IRIS YOUNGS OPPRESSION IN THE NOVEL PEREMPUAN YANG MENANGIS KEPADA BULAN HITAM BY DIAN PURNOMO
Research on oppression against women in novels is motivated by the complex representation of injustice and oppression against women in literary works as a reflection of patriarchal society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the manifestations of oppression in Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam using Iris Young's theory of oppression. This is a qualitative study with descriptive methods. This study takes a literary feminist approach, drawing on Iris Young's five faces of oppression theory, which includes cultural imperialism, marginalization, powerlessness, exploitation, and violence. The main data for this study comes from Dian Purnomo's novel, Perempuan Yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam. This study uses data that includes excerpts of sentences, monologues, dialogues, and paragraphs that contain practices of oppression against female characters. Data collection in this study was carried out using observation and recording, while data analysis was carried out using content analysis. The findings in this study confirm that Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan Yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam manifests the reality of women's lives trapped under an oppressive patriarchal structure and reveals criticism of gender inequality in society. These forms of oppression are interrelated and manifested through cultural imperialism in the form of Yappa Maniwe culture, which then leads to the marginalization of women in social environments, the powerlessness of women in decision-making, sexual exploitation, and physical and mental violence.
INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICT OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL SEBELAS BY TERE LIYE: A STUDY OF LITERARY PSYCHOLOGY
This study examines the intrapsychic conflict of the main character in Tere Liye's novel Sebelas through a literary psychology approach with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The background of the study departs from the phenomenon of human inner struggle reflected in literary works as a reflection of the complexity of personality. The purpose of this study is to uncover the forms and causes of intrapsychic conflict experienced by the character Paul, as well as to explain the self-defense mechanisms in dealing with inner stress and the healing process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary data sources in the form of the novel text and secondary sources from psychoanalytic theory literature and relevant research. The results show that Paul's inner conflict is triggered by past trauma, guilt, and conflicting moral values between instinctive urges (id) and moral demands (superego), which cause psychological tension. The self-defense mechanisms that emerge include repression, rationalization, projection, aggression, and sublimation, which play a role in the character's emotional healing process. The findings of this study confirm that intrapsychic conflict not only describes psychological suffering but also a therapeutic process towards self-acceptance and emotional maturity, thus enriching the study of modern literary psychology in Indonesia.
FROM CONVENTIONAL READING TO MOODLE-BASED LEARNING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
The rapid advancement of digital technology has encouraged the integration of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in higher education, including in reading instruction. Although Moodle is widely adopted, empirical evidence based on experimental approaches that directly examine its effectiveness in enhancing undergraduate students’ reading comprehension remains limited, particularly in comparison with conventional reading instruction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Moodle-based reading instruction on students’ reading comprehension and to compare learning outcomes between students taught through Moodle and those taught through traditional instructional methods. A quasi-experimental research design employing a pretest–posttest control group was applied. The participants consisted of 46 undergraduate students divided into two intact classes: an experimental group (n = 23) and a control group (n = 23). The experimental group received reading instruction through Moodle, integrating structured learning materials, interactive activities, and formative assessments, while the control group was taught using conventional face-to-face reading instruction with printed materials and teacher-led discussions. A reading comprehension test was administered as both a pretest and a posttest. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests to examine within-group improvement, independent-samples t-tests to compare posttest performance between groups, and effect size analysis to assess practical significance. The results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant improvement in reading comprehension from pretest to posttest; however, the experimental group showed significantly greater gains than the control group. Furthermore, the posttest comparison indicated a statistically significant difference with a large effect size, suggesting that Moodle-based instruction had a substantial and educationally meaningful impact on students’ reading comprehension. Overall, the findings indicate that Moodle-based reading instruction is an effective approach for enhancing undergraduate students’ reading comprehension and offers considerable pedagogical benefits for reading instruction in higher education contexts.
AN ANALYSIS OF AKRUPAMA SPEAKING SKILLS AMONG GRADE TEN STUDENTS AT STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL 2 TAKALAR
Local language learning plays a crucial role in developing students’ language skills while simultaneously preserving local cultural values. This study aims to describe the Akrupama speaking skills of tenth-grade students at Takalar State Senior High School in Makassarese language learning, with a particular focus on pronunciation, intonation, speaking expression, and interpretation. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive research design. The research participants consisted of 34 students from class X MIPA 1, selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through an Akrupama speaking skills test, classroom observation, and documentation, and were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. The findings indicate that, overall, students’ Akrupama speaking skills fall into the competent category. A total of 85% of the students achieved scores of 75 or higher, in accordance with the school’s Minimum Mastery Criteria, with a class mean score of 79, which is categorized as good. Aspect-based analysis reveals that pronunciation and intonation are relatively better mastered than speaking expression and interpretation, which still show lower levels of mastery. These results suggest that students’ main challenges are not limited to linguistic competence but also involve affective and performative factors, such as self-confidence and expressive ability. Overall, the study confirms that Akrupama instruction through rupama is effective in enhancing students’ Makassarese speaking skills. The findings underscore the importance of strengthening more varied and performance-oriented instructional strategies to improve the quality of students’ speaking skills in local language learning.
CULTURAL INTERFERENCE IN THE LEXICAL CHOICESOF BIPA STUDENTS AT BANDUNG INDEPENDENT SCHOOL
This study aims to describe the forms of cultural interference in the lexical choices of BIPA students at Bandung Independent School who come from Korea, America, and Germany. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a communication ethnography framework to examine language use practices in real and contextual learning situations. Research data were collected through participatory observation conducted during the learning process and documentation in the form of class interaction transcripts and field notes recording communication events between teachers and students as well as among students. The results show that cultural interference consistently appears in various communication events, particularly when students respond to teacher instructions, express opinions, engage in group discussions, and interact informally in class. Students from Korea tended to use vocabulary that reflected layered politeness and caution in speech, students from America displayed a more direct, expressive, and egalitarian style of language, while students from Germany used concise, systematic, and rational vocabulary. These differences indicate that students' lexical choices are not solely influenced by their linguistic competence in Indonesian, but also by the cultural norms of their countries of origin, which shape their communication habits and strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating cultural and pragmatic aspects into BIPA learning so that learners are able to use Indonesian appropriately, both linguistically and socio-communicatively.
FORM AND PROCESS OF WORD ABBREVIATION IN ONLINE TRANSPORTATION SERVICE ADVERTISEMENTS ON THE @GRABISTIMEWA ACCOUNT
The rapid development of technology has caused service provider companies to change strategies in advertising techniques, which also affects language change with the emergence of abbreviations. Abbreviation is the process of decapitating one lexeme or a combination of several lexemes, then turning into a new form. The purpose of this study is to analyze the use of abbreviations and the process of abbreviation formation in the online transportation service @grabistimewa account. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. It is analyzed using the agih method with the basic technique of BUL (Bagi Elemen Langsung), to divide the data so that it can be analyzed in depth related to its form and formation process. This research focuses on online transportation service advertisements on the @grabistimewa account from January to September 2025 with data in the form of words that contain abbreviations in advertising pamphlets. The results of this study show that there are 231 abbreviation data consisting of five forms of abbreviations, among others, 112 abbreviation data, 22 acronym data, 15 contraction data, 10 fragment data, and 72 letter symbol data. Meanwhile, in the formation process, the first letter of the abbreviation, the first three letters of the abbreviation, the first two letters of the abbreviation, the last three letters of the abbreviation, the first letter of the compound component, and the irregular abbreviation are found. Therefore, abbreviations in advertisements on social media are not only used to attract readers' attention, but become a strategy to simplify words in order to understand information more quickly.
ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF DEXIS IN SPOKEN DISCOURSE A CASE STUDY OF THE BMKG HEAD'S INTERVIEW ON THE MEGATRUST EARTHQUAKE WARNING
This research examines the use of deixis in oral discourse by analyzing the interview transcript of the Head of BMKG, Dwikorita Karnawati, regarding megathrust earthquake warnings in Indonesia. Deixis is a linguistic phenomenon whose reference depends on the context of utterance, encompassing person, place, time, discourse, and social deixis. The research aims to: (1) identify types of deixis used in the interview; (2) analyze the pragmatic functions of deixis in formal institutional discourse context; and (3) explain how deixis contributes to communication effectiveness and authority construction in interviews. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method with data from a 30-minute interview transcript. Analysis was conducted using the deixis theory framework from Levinson (1983) and Yule (1996). The results show that: (1) all five types of deixis were found in the interview with high frequency: person deixis (245 times), place deixis (78 times), time deixis (62 times), discourse deixis (45 times), and social deixis (38 times); (2) person deixis is predominantly used with variations reflecting formal relationships between interviewer and interviewee; (3) place and time deixis function to concretize technical information about megathrust locations and earthquake occurrence periods; (4) discourse deixis plays an important role in creating cohesion between turns; (5) social deixis through formal address terms and pronouns contributes to authority and professionalism construction. This research contributes to understanding Indonesian pragmatics in formal institutional discourse contexts.
DEVELOPMENT OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT WRITING MATERIALS INTEGRATED WITH PEACE VALUES FOR BULLYING PREVENTION
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE COMMUNICATION PATTERN OF STUDENT DIRECTIVE SPEECH AT SMKN 2 PALU
This study aims to analyze the patterns and effectiveness of students’ directive speech acts in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) program at SMKN 2 Palu within the context of Teaching Factory–based design promotion. A mixed-methods approach was employed by integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and recordings of students’ speech, which were triangulated to ensure data validity. The research participants consisted of 96 VCD students from grades X to XII. Qualitative data were analyzed through coding and categorization of directive speech acts, while quantitative analysis measured communication effectiveness using Berlo’s SMCR model and was statistically tested using the chi-square test. The findings reveal four main types of directive speech acts used by students: inviting, requesting, suggesting, and commanding. Based on the SMCR analysis, all types of directive speech acts fall within the effective to very effective category, with the receiver component showing the highest level of effectiveness. The chi-square test indicates a significant relationship between the type of directive speech act and communication effectiveness (χ² = 23.17; p = 0.006). Pragmatically, suggestive and invitational speech acts are more effective than requesting and commanding because they are more persuasive and reduce face-threatening acts. In addition, social factors such as gender, age, cultural background, and social environment influence students’ directive communication paten. This study highlights the importance of strengthening pragmatic competence and persuasive communication skills in VCD learning so that students are not only visually competent but also capable of promoting their design works professionally and contextually.
NARRATIVES AND JOURNALISTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON GENDER EQUALITY ISSUES
News coverage of divorce lawsuits filed by female teachers after obtaining the Decree of Government Employees with Work Agreements (PPPK) indicates changes in social and gender relations within household life. This phenomenon not only represents personal dynamics but also reflects how the media frames women’s roles in professional and domestic contexts. This study aims to analyze the representation of female PPPK teachers in online media coverage and to identify the construction of power and gender perspectives built by journalists. The study employs Sara Mills’ critical discourse analysis approach, focusing on the positions of subjects, objects, and readers in the text. The data were obtained from Indonesian online news reports covering cases of divorce involving female teachers after receiving PPPK status. The analysis was conducted by identifying narrative structures, language choices, and patterns of gender representation in the text. The results show that female teachers tend to be positioned as active subjects with economic legitimacy and decision-making capacity, while men are more frequently represented as passive objects. The coverage also emphasizes psychological conflicts, double-role pressures, and marital dissatisfaction as the main factors behind divorce. This study concludes that online media play a role in shaping discourse on changes in gender power relations. These findings imply the importance of strengthening gender-sensitive perspectives in journalistic practices.
DISCOURSE ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT: SARA MILLS’ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study examines the discourse of sexual violence and gender inequality against Palestinian women in the Palestine–Israel conflict using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis approach. It aims to reveal how women’s positions are represented in Arabic online media Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera, and CNN Arabic. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, analyzing ten news texts based on four key elements of Mills’ framework: the subject, object, writer, and reader positions. The findings show that Palestinian women experience multiple layers of oppression. They are victims of sexual violence, harassment, humiliation, and murder by Israeli forces, while also facing structural inequality such as limited access to reproductive health and basic needs. Al Arabiya portrays women as powerless victims, Al Jazeera provides space for women to speak as active subjects, while CNN Arabic presents their suffering collectively but often conceals the perpetrators through passive constructions. These findings highlight that the Palestine Israel conflict is not merely political or military but also a gendered media issue, where women are symbolized as powerless sufferers. Thus, media discourse plays a crucial role in shaping public awareness of justice and gender equality for Palestinian women.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING EXPOSITORY TEXTS
This research was initiated due to students’ low proficiency in writing exposition texts, primarily resulting from challenges in understanding text organization, using formal language, and the lack of engaging and interactive learning media. The aim of this study is to create audiovisual learning media to enhance the exposition text writing skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 8 Percut Sei Tuan. The research applied a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Findings from the analysis phase showed that students experience difficulties in grasping the structure and appropriate language use in exposition texts. Validation carried out by experts in material, media, and language demonstrated that the developed media was classified as highly valid, with an average score exceeding 88%. Field testing showed the audiovisual media was considered practical and easy to use, reflected by 92% of students giving positive responses. The effectiveness assessment demonstrated significant improvement in students’ writing ability, with an average pre-test score of 52.73 increasing to 84.58 in the post-test, and an N-Gain value of 0.6657 (66.57%), categorized as effective. The media was proven to enhance student motivation and learning outcomes through engaging and contextual material that integrates visual and audio elements effectively. Therefore, the audiovisual media developed using the ADDIE model is feasible as an innovative learning tool in Indonesian language instruction to strengthen students’ exposition writing skills in an effective and enjoyable manner. The findings suggest that audiovisual-based media can serve as a creative learning alternative to support 21st-century technology-oriented language education.
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SYMBOLIC MEANING IN POSAMBUA THE MA'ATA'A TRADITIONAL FEAST, BUTON TRIBE, SORAWOLIO DISTRICT, SOUTHEAST SULAWESI
This study examines the symbolic meaning of the Posambua tradition as the culmination of the Ma'ata'a Traditional Festival in the Buton community in Sorawolio District, Southeast Sulawesi. This tradition has been passed down from generation to generation since the Buton Sultanate. It aims to ask for safety, prosperity, and blessings for the community through rituals rich in religious and social values. The purpose of the study is to identify the main symbols in the Posambua procession and explain the symbolic function attached by the community to each stage of the ritual. The research method uses a qualitative approach, employing ethnographic techniques through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and systematic recording, spanning the Ma'ata'a implementation until the core of the Posambua ceremony. Data analysis was carried out using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of the study indicate that each series of Ma'ata'a events contains symbolic meaning in the form of prayers or mantras, especially at the core of the Posambua ceremony. Ritual symbols such as Pogau-gaua, Tooa, Pisampea, Bhongkaano Bhaghata, and Bululiano Galampa represent respect for ancestors, requests for protection, and harmony between humans, nature, and the Creator. Each prayer and mantra accompanying the procession strengthens the community's spiritual values. The Posambua tradition also serves as a means of social cohesion, fostering solidarity and togetherness among residents. The research concludes that Posambua is a symbolic manifestation that combines religious, cultural, and social values in the lives of the Buton people in Sorawolio.
THE FORM AND MEANING OF LANGUAGE REGISTER IN FOOTBALL FAN POSTS ON TWITTER ACCOUNTS
Research on the form and meaning of language registers is motivated by interactions among football fans on social media, which reveal linguistic phenomena in the form of the use of specific and unique terms. Terms in the form of words, phrases, or sentences that are used specifically by a particular group constitute a language register. This study aims to define two types of language registers—open and closed—and explain their meanings in football fan interactions. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data from posts on the @idextratime account. The data collection method used is observation and note-taking. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data classification, and content analysis. The results of the study show 98 language registers, consisting of 69 forms of closed registers that are technical and formal in nature, and 29 forms of open registers that are dynamic and informal in nature. Meanwhile, in terms of the meaning of language registers, the data is divided into four categories: playing techniques, playing positions, technical terms, and slang expressions. The meanings of the registers found experience narrowing, broadening, and shifting meanings depending on the context of use. The use of metaphors in the register data found shows differences with language varieties in contexts outside of football. Therefore, the language register in the football community on social media not only represents a sporting activity, but also embodies the identity of football fans.
REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE HEROES IN THE FOLK STORY OF PUTROE ALOEH: A STRUCTURAL AND SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS FROM ROLAND BARTHES' PERSPECTIVE
The Acehnese folktale “Putroe Aloeh” tells about the legendary value of female heroism in one of the provinces of Aceh, although it raises the narrative of female heroism, the representation of the character of Putroe Aloeh in the text is often overlooked from critical studies. In fact, there is a potential for hidden patriarchal ideology behind the heroic appearance. This study aims to explain the value of heroism, independence, the role of women presented in the Acehnese folktale “Putroe Aloeh”, the narrative structure of the story, revealing the denotation, connotation, and myth of female heroism formed through Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The method used in the study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection techniques through documentation/text studies (oral transcripts and manuscripts). Data analysis techniques in the study by recording data, extracting and categorizing text studies structurally and semiotically from Roland Barthes' perspective. The results of the study show that the representation of female heroism in the Putroe Aloeh folktale is instrumental (a tool). Structurally, Putroe Aloeh plays the role of a Donor who has absolute power over magical assets (the "Flying Horse" and the "Areca Nut Tree") and tests male characters. This role is reinforced by a semiotic analysis that forms the myth that Putroe Aloeh's heroism stems from wealth and uniqueness (not physical actions), and is embodied as a ruler who determines negotiations. In conclusion, the ideology of the story acknowledges female power, but the narrative structure limits the role of power as a bridge for Malem Diwa to achieve her goals. Thus, the role of the highest act of courage lies with the male character. This study suggests the need for a critical review of folk narratives about heroic female figures to identify women's power as framed in a limited way in traditional literature.