KONFIKS: Journal of research results in Languages, Literature and Teaching. Jurnal Konfiks is a peer-reviewed journal managed of Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar in collaboration with Perkumpulan Program Studi Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (IKAPROBSI) with registered numbers e-ISSN 2746-1866 and p-ISSN 2355 -2638. Published four times a year, namely in March, June, September, and December. The scope of research results that can be published in the Jurnal Konfiks are: Indonesian language: Scientific language studies (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing); Indonesian literature: Literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature, adaptation studies (ekranasi), sociology of literature; Indonesian Language and Literature Education: Lesson planning, learning strategies, assessment and evaluation, curriculum development, teaching materials, and educational media. The Editorial Board provides a space for Researchers, Academics, and Practitioners to share knowledge by following the provisions in focus and scope, publication ethics, writing guidelines, review processes, and journal templates that must be followed by writers. With an online submission system, ensure that articles meet journal submission guidelines. For further information, please refer to the KONFIKS Journal's terms and conditions or contact us at konfiks@unismuh.ac.id
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THE EFFECT OF THE MIND MAPPING LEARNING METHOD ON STUDENTS’ NARRATIVE WRITING SKILLS IN GRADE VII OF SMP AL-ULUM MEDAN
This study aims to analyze the effect of the Mind Mapping method on students’ narrative writing skills in Grade VII at SMP Al-Ulum Medan. The background of this research is the low level of students’ writing ability, characterized by limited motivation, difficulty in initiating writing (blank page syndrome), and weak ability to organize chronological storylines due to the dominance of conventional lecture-based instruction. This study employed a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental design with a Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group design. The population consisted of all Grade VII students, while the sample included Class VII-A (25 students) as the experimental group taught using the Mind Mapping method and Class VII-B (25 students) as the control group taught using conventional instruction. The research instrument was a narrative writing performance test assessed using an analytical rubric covering content, organization, vocabulary, grammar, and mechanics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential analysis through an Independent Samples t-Test. The results revealed a significant improvement in the experimental group, with the mean score increasing from 62.40 in the pretest to 82.80 in the posttest, while the control group increased from 61.60 to 70.20. The hypothesis testing showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the Mind Mapping method has a significant effect on students’ narrative writing skills.
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UTILIZATION OF WAYGROUND AS AN EVALUATION MEDIA FOR LEARNING ANECDOTE TEXTS: A MIXED METHODS STUDY ON GRADE X HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Evaluation of Indonesian language learning in anecdotal text material is still dominated by conventional methods that tend to be oriented towards the final results and less actively involve students in the learning process. This condition encourages the need to utilize digital technology as a more interactive and effective evaluation tool. This study aims to analyze the differences in student learning evaluation results between the use of Wayground and conventional evaluation and describe student and teacher responses to the use of Wayground in learning anecdotal text. The study used a mixed methods approach with an embedded mixed methods design. The research subjects consisted of 20 students of class X.2 SMAN 1 Cluring who were divided into a Wayground group (10 students) and a conventional group (10 students). Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observations and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Independent Samples t-Test, while qualitative data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that the average score of the Wayground group (86.5) was higher than the conventional group (81.0). However, the results of statistical tests showed that the difference was not significant (t = 1.169; p = 0.258). Qualitative findings indicate that Wayground increased student engagement, enthusiasm, independence, and participation during the evaluation. Teachers assessed that Wayground streamlined the assessment process, expedited the delivery of evaluation results, and supported the provision of direct feedback. Students also found the evaluations more engaging and facilitated understanding of the material. Despite challenges such as limited internet connection and devices, Wayground has the potential to support more interactive, efficient, and student-centered learning evaluations.
THE EFFECT OF THE ARIAS (ASSURANCE, RELEVANCE, INTEREST, ASSESSMENT, AND SATISFACTION) LEARNING MODEL ON THE POETRY READING ACHIEVEMENT OF EIGHTH-GRADE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Poetry reading is an essential competency in Indonesian language learning that requires mastery of pronunciation, intonation, expression, and literary appreciation. However, students’ low motivation and self-confidence often hinder the development of these skills. This study aimed to examine the effect of the ARIAS (Assurance, Relevance, Interest, Assessment, and Satisfaction) learning model on the poetry reading achievement of eighth-grade students at TPI Private Junior High School Labuhanbatu. A quantitative approach employing a One-Group Pretest–Posttest design was used, involving 20 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected through performance tests, observations, documentation, and questionnaires and analyzed using validity and reliability testing, the Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and a paired-samples t-test. The results indicated that the research instruments were valid and reliable, and the data were normally distributed. Hypothesis testing yielded a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), confirming a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores after the implementation of the ARIAS model. Students’ average poetry reading performance increased by 37.75 points, demonstrating substantial improvement in pronunciation, intonation, expression, and appreciation. These findings extend the application of the ARIAS framework to literature instruction and provide empirical evidence that integrating motivational and evaluative components can significantly enhance poetry reading competence. Therefore, the ARIAS learning model represents a promising instructional alternative for improving poetry reading outcomes and promoting more engaging, student-centered learning in junior secondary education.
AN ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN OFFICIAL LETTER WRITING AT THE KAMPUNG BARU VILLAGE OFFICE IN 2025
This study aims to identify and describe errors in official letter writing at the Kampung Baru Village Office in 2025 and analyze the various factors behind the occurrence of these errors. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The data source in this study is an archive of official letters sourced from 50 outgoing letters at the Kampung Baru Village Office in 2025. The data in this study are errors in outgoing letter writing at the Kampung Baru Village Office. All data were obtained through documentation and interview techniques, then analyzed referring to the theory of language errors in official letters. The results showed that there were 237 error data based on nine categories of letter writing. Language errors in the letter content were the most dominant finding with a frequency of 57 data. Other significant errors were found in the writing of letter numbers (36 data) and letter addresses (35 data). Specifically, errors in the letter content include errors in the use of capital letters, sentence structure, common abbreviations, writing rupiah nominals, writing colons (:), writing the suffix -nya, to the format for writing NIP and the name of the signatory that does not comply with the latest rules. The factors causing these errors include communication barriers in understanding instructions from higher-level agencies, overlapping workloads (multitasking), the lack of a specific guidebook for official scripts in the village office, and inaccuracy in the choice of diction. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the quality of correspondence at the Kampung Baru Village Office still requires significant improvement through the provision of applicable technical guidelines and the implementation of regular technical guidance training for village officials.
TRANSLANGUAGING PRACTICES IN PRIMARY EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW OF PEDAGOGICAL TRENDS
This systematic literature review examines research trends and pedagogical implications of translanguaging practices in primary education. Drawing on 147 Scopus-indexed publications published between 2015 and 2025, the study analyzes annual publication trends, geographical distribution, research designs, participant focus, developed skills, and students’ linguistic backgrounds. The findings indicate a substantial increase in translanguaging research over the past decade, reflecting a growing recognition of translanguaging as a pedagogical response to multilingual classroom realities in primary education. Research output is predominantly concentrated in a limited number of countries, particularly Spain, the United States, China, and South Africa, revealing imbalances in global knowledge production. Methodologically, qualitative approaches dominate, with students identified as the primary research subjects, underscoring the learner-centered orientation of translanguaging pedagogy. The reviewed studies report that translanguaging supports language development, classroom communication, conceptual understanding, and the legitimization of students’ mother tongues within instructional practices. Translanguaging is most frequently implemented among EFL learners, immigrant students, indigenous communities, and learners in complex multilingual contexts. Overall, this review positions translanguaging as a pedagogical approach that extends beyond linguistic outcomes, offering meaningful implications for inclusive language teaching practices and the sustained use of learners’ linguistic resources in multilingual primary classrooms.
THE REPRESENTATION OF ISRAELI SOCIAL ACTORS IN REPUBLIKA’S ONLINE MEDIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS BASED ON THEO VAN LEEUWEN’S MODEL
This research examines the representation of social actors in the news coverage of the Israel-Iran war in the online media outlet Republika during June 2025. This study aims to describe the social actors of Israel in the news using the social actor representation approach, the critical discourse analysis model by Theo van Leeuwen. A qualitative, descriptive method was used in this research. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method. The qualitative approach serves to comprehensively and contextually understand and describe the representations of social actors in news coverage of the war between Israel and Iran in the online media outlet Republika. Meanwhile, the descriptive approach, through linguistic analysis of the textual discourse, is used to explain the types or forms of social actor representations based on Theo van Leeuwen’s theory. The data source for this study is news text regarding the war between Israel and Iran in the online media outlet Republika. Data collection in this study used the literature review method, namely, data obtained from written sources. The collected data was then coded, such as source, author, etc. Data validity was tested through data triangulation using relevant document studies related to lexical choices and the representation of social actors. The research results show that the online media Republika explicitly reports on Israeli social actors such as the state of Israel, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and Israeli officials by representing them more thoroughly through inclusion strategies such as Determination-Indetermination, Nomination-Identification, Nomination-Categorization, Objectivation-Abstraction, Differentiation-Indifferentiation, and Assimilation-Individualization, so that readers clearly understand what these actors are doing. These findings highlight the important role of the media in conveying information and reproducing reality for readers.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE CHARACTER ANG SAN MEI IN PRAMOEDYA ANANTA TOER’S NOVEL JEJAK LANGKAH: A STUDY OF EXISTENTIAL FEMINISM
This study aims to describe the character of Ang San Mei in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel Jejak Langkah through the lens of Simone de Beauvoir’s existentialist feminism. Ang San Mei is a Chinese female character who experiences multiple layers of subordination as a woman, a member of an ethnic minority, and a colonial subject; however, she has not yet been specifically studied using existentialist feminist theory that takes into account the ethnicity and colonialism she experiences. The character of Ang San Mei was chosen for analysis because, although she has been depicted as fighting for her existence, studies on her remain very limited. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with content analysis techniques. The data sources consist of the narratives, dialogues, and actions of the character Mei in the novel Jejak Langkah. The analytical framework is based on Beauvoir’s four strategies of transcendence: women can work, women can be intellectuals, women can work to achieve social transformation, and women refuse to internalize their subjugation. The results of the study indicate that Mei embodies all four forms of transcendence: asserting economic independence through her work as a teacher and cook; demonstrating intellectualism through geopolitical analysis and organizational awareness; contributing to social transformation through her involvement in Angkatan Muda and propaganda activities; refused to internalize her otherness by defining herself through her own will and idealism. This study concludes that despite experiencing layered subordination, Mei succeeded in transcending her social limitations and asserting herself as an autonomous subject through transcendence.
STRENGTHENING AI-BASED CRITICAL LITERACY IN LITERATURE LEARNING UNDER THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM
Literature learning in the era of digital transformation requires the strengthening of students’ critical literacy so they can interpret, evaluate, and construct meaning reflectively, not merely understand texts literally. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities to enrich literature learning, yet creates risks of dependence on instant answers when not pedagogically guided. This study examined the effectiveness of an AI-based literature learning model in improving students’ critical literacy and described their responses to AI integration under the Merdeka Curriculum. The study employed a quantitative approach with a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of 360 eleventh-grade students at public senior high school in Kediri City, Indonesia. A total of 120 students were selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 60 students. The instruments included a critical literacy test consisting of 20 essay questions, a student response questionnaire, and an observation sheet. The treatment was implemented over six weeks through 12 learning sessions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, gain score, and Cohen’s d. The results showed that the experimental group increased from 56.4 to 84.7, while the control group increased from 55.9 to 67.2. The independent sample t-test on gain scores indicated a significant difference, with t=12.47, p=0.000, and Cohen’s d=1.82. Student responses were positive, with 86.7% stating that AI supported critical thinking. These findings indicate that AI-based literature learning is effective and relevant for strengthening critical literacy in Merdeka Curriculum.
AN ANALISIS OF WOMEN’S EXISTENCE IN NH. DINI’S KEBERANGKATAN AND ITS PEDAGOGICAL RELEVANCE IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL LITERATURE LEARNING
This study is motivated by the persistence of social constructions that limit women's roles in society, which are also reflected in Indonesian literary works, including the novel Keberangkatan by Nh. Dini. This novel is particularly interesting to examine because it portrays a female character who strives to maintain her existence amid the pressures of a patriarchal culture. Therefore, this study aims to identify the forms of women's existence in the novel, to understand how the female character demonstrates independence and freedom in making life choices, and to explore its potential use as teaching material for literature in senior high school. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive-analytical method and a feminist perspective. The data were obtained from excerpts in the novel using reading and note-taking techniques, and then analyzed through the stages of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings indicate that the existence of women in the novel is reflected through independence, courage in decision-making, self-awareness, and efforts to challenge restrictive social norms. The female character is no longer depicted as passive, but rather as an active individual who has control over her own life. In addition, the results of this study are relevant to literature learning in senior high school, as they can help students understand the values of gender equality, develop independence, and enhance critical thinking skills. Thus, it can be concluded that the novel Keberangkatan not only holds literary value but also strong educational value, making it suitable as contextual and meaningful teaching material.
LINGUISTIC IMPOLITENESS IN THE ONLINE GAME FREE FIRE: A PRAGMATIC STUDY OF UPPER-GRADE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
The development of digital technology has made online games one of the social interaction media widely used by children, including elementary school students. One of the most popular games among students is Free Fire, which provides communication features through voice chat and text chat. These interactions have the potential to give rise to the use of impolite language in communication among players. This study aims to describe the forms of linguistic impoliteness and the factors influencing them among upper-grade students at SDN Kurisa while playing Free Fire. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach with a pragmatic perspective. The research data consisted of students’ utterances obtained through voice chat recordings, screenshots of text conversations, observations, and interviews with students, teachers, and parents. Data analysis was conducted using Jonathan Culpeper’s theory of linguistic impoliteness. The findings revealed that students’ linguistic impoliteness appeared in the forms of swearing, mocking, direct commands without mitigation, the use of harsh slang, and sarcasm. These forms included the strategies of bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, negative impoliteness, sarcasm/irony, and withhold politeness. Linguistic impoliteness was influenced by internal factors, such as low emotional control and limited understanding of politeness norms, as well as external factors, including competitive gaming situations, peer influence, and weak social control in digital spaces. The findings also indicated a shift in language practices from online gaming environments to students’ daily interactions at school. This study is expected to contribute theoretically to pragmatic studies and practically serve as a reference for teachers and parents in fostering students’ language politeness in the digital era.
RHETORICAL STYLE OF USTADZ HANAN ATTAKI’S SERMON “THE FORGOTTEN SUNNAH” ON YOUTUBE @HANANATTAKI
This study aims to analyze the rhetorical style in the sermon “The Forgotten Sunnah” delivered by Ustadz Hanan Attaki, focusing on the forms and functions of language style in building persuasive communication in the context of digital da’wah. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through content analysis. The data consist of transcribed speech from a YouTube video and are analyzed through coding, classification, and interpretation stages. The results show that there are 50 data of language styles categorized into three main aspects. In terms of word choice, conversational style is the most dominant with 30 data, followed by informal style with 20 data, while formal style is not found. In terms of tone, there are 28 data of noble tone, 15 data of moderate tone, and 7 data combining both tones, while simple tone is absent. In sentence structure, parallelism dominates with 20 data, followed by antithesis with 15 data, repetition with 8 data, comparison with 3 data, metaphor with 1 data, and combination structures with 3 data. These findings indicate that the rhetorical style tends to be communicative, persuasive, and close to the audience, especially through conversational language and noble tone that build emotional engagement. In addition, the use of structures such as parallelism and antithesis strengthens clarity and emphasis of the message. Therefore, rhetorical style in this sermon functions not only as a communication tool but also as an effective strategy to influence audience understanding and attitudes in digital preaching contexts.
ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DALAM PUISI KARYA SISWA KELAS VII MTS BABUSALLAM BUYA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik dalam puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa pembelajaran menulis puisi di sekolah masih lebih berfokus pada hasil akhir dan pembacaan puisi, sedangkan analisis terhadap unsur pembangun puisi belum dilakukan secara mendalam. Padahal, pemahaman terhadap unsur intrinsik sangat penting untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam mengolah ide, perasaan, dan pengalaman menjadi karya sastra yang bermakna. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian berupa 24 puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan semantik melalui langkah membaca intensif, mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasikan, dan menafsirkan unsur intrinsik puisi. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui validitas semantik, intrarater, dan interrater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa telah mampu mengekspresikan gagasan dan perasaan melalui puisi dengan tema-tema yang dekat dengan kehidupan mereka, seperti cita-cita, kasih sayang kepada orang tua, persahabatan, alam, religiusitas, dan rasa terima kasih kepada guru. Diksi yang digunakan umumnya masih sederhana, tetapi pada beberapa puisi mulai tampak kecenderungan penggunaan bahasa yang puitis. Gaya bahasa yang dominan ialah personifikasi, metafora, dan hiperbola. Rima dan irama belum terbentuk secara konsisten, tipografi masih bersifat konvensional, dan amanat puisi cenderung disampaikan secara eksplisit serta sarat nilai moral. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis puisi siswa masih berada pada tahap dasar, terutama pada aspek estetika dan musikalitas. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran menulis puisi perlu diarahkan pada penguatan diksi, variasi majas, rima, irama, dan tipografi agar kreativitas dan kepekaan estetik siswa berkembang secara optimal.
MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN IN INDRA TRANGGONO'S SHORT STORIES: A STUDY OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM
This study aims to explain the forms, causal factors, and resistance to the marginalization of women in short stories by Indra Tranggono (Rain Women, Liang, Above Tanah Crack, Women Bulan Perak, and Sonya Rury) using a qualitative descriptive method with a feminist literary criticism approach, data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the focus of its study which reveals how state repression (state-sponsored patriarchy) is symbiotic with domestic patriarchal power in contemporary literature, an area rarely explored simultaneously in previous feminist literary research. The results of the study show: (1) Marginalization predominantly occurs in control over reproduction and sexuality, confirming that women's bodies are reduced to objects of offspring and commodity satisfaction. (2) In contrast to previous research that focuses on the domestic realm, the dominant causal factors in Tranggono's short stories are five intersectional pillars: family, society, state, economy, and ideology, with the dominance of state apparatuses that abuse power and are paternalistic. (3) The response of the female characters is not only to survive, but also to actively resist (vigilantism, cultural, and symbolic). Analytically, these short stories represent how patriarchy does not work alone, but through power relations institutionalized by the state to control gender agencies. This research makes an important contribution to enriching the study of literary feminism by offering a model of intersectional reading between literary criticism and state criticism (state feminism criticism), showing that literature is not merely a mirror of oppression, but a space for political negotiation of gender ideology.
UNCOVERING POWER IN USTADZ JAELANI’S DISCOURSE IN THE FILM QORIN: FAIRCLOUGH’S CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study aims to uncover the forms and functions of power discourse in Ustadz Jaelani’s utterances in the film Qorin by using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis approach. The analysis focuses on two dimensions, namely the textual dimension and the discourse practice dimension. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques conducted through observation and note-taking of utterances in the film. The data analysis technique was carried out in depth using Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis model through three dimensions of analysis, namely text analysis, discourse practice, and sociocultural practice to reveal power relations in the character’s utterances. In the textual dimension, the results of the study show that Ustadz Jaelani’s utterances are characterized by the use of firm, binding, and predominantly one-way language, reflecting his dominance as an authority figure within the Islamic boarding school environment. The choice of words, sentence structures, and style of delivery strengthen the character’s position of power. Meanwhile, in the discourse practice dimension, the language used functions to maintain a hierarchical social structure, direct the students’ behavior, and build obedience through the legitimization of the ustadz’s role as an authority holder. These findings indicate that power in the film Qorin is represented not only through actions but also through the language used in everyday interactions. Thus, this study confirms that language plays an important role in shaping social relationships, controlling behavior, and reinforcing positions of power within the Islamic boarding school environment.
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN FAIRY TALES ON THE INDONESIAN FAIRY TALES YOUTUBE CHANNEL AS A MEDIUM TO COMBAT CHILDREN'S EGOCENTRISM
Egocentrism is a condition in which a child is too focused on themselves, causing them to feel most important and to neglect others. This study aims to describe the character education values in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong on the Indonesian Fairy Tales YouTube channel, and to explain the character education values in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong as a medium to combat egocentrism in children. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used in this study is observation and note-taking. The data analysis uses an interactive model according to Miles and Huberman, which consists of the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the character education values contained in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong are tolerance, discipline, hard work, creativity, democracy, appreciation of achievement, friendliness/communicativeness, love of peace, environmental care, social care, and responsibility. The democratic value can be used to combat the attitude of prioritizing oneself. The friendly/communicative value can be used to combat the attitude of being unwilling to cooperate. The social care value can be used to combat the attitude of expecting to be served by others. The value of tolerance can be used to combat the attitude of not considering others.
ANALYSIS ETHICS AND INTEGRITY SHORT MESSAGE: CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS AT BANGKA BELITUNG UNIVERSITY
The use of WhatsApp messaging can lead to violations of language ethics and a lack of awareness of the values of good and responsible communication. To establish effective communication, students must understand and apply ethics and integrity when sending text messages, especially among students at Bangka Belitung University. This study aims to describe and analyze ethics and integrity in communication, especially among students. This study also uses a qualitative approach with a case study method of Bangka Belitung University students. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The main data source in this study was 40 randomly selected students from the class of 2023. Meanwhile, the analysis technique was carried out using data triangulation, namely using various data sources such as observations, questionnaires, case studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to strengthen the findings. The results show that communication ethics in text messages include choosing the right time, using opening and closing greetings, conveying one's identity, and using formal, concise, clear language that conforms to the Enhanced Spelling System (EYD). Applying these principles, including rereading messages before sending, can help students build polite, effective, and professional communication with lecturers. The conclusion of this study is that the application of ethics and integrity in communication can contribute to the creation of a more harmonious and professional academic environment not only for students but also for various other interests.
DIGITAL ANTIPATICITY AND THE PROBLEM OF COLORITY: A FORENSIC LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF INSTAGRAM COMMENTS ON THE ISSUE OF JOKO WIDODO'S ALLEGED FAKE DIPLOMA
Digital public spaces have evolved into primary arenas for political discourse as well as for the expression of collective emotions. One prominent phenomenon is the proliferation of antipathy-laden comments on Instagram related to the alleged fake diploma issue of President Joko Widodo. This study aims to analyze forms of antipathy expressed in Instagram users’ comments from a forensic linguistics perspective and to examine associated violations of language politeness principles. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the data consist of 58 Instagram comments collected from posts by public figures and online news media during May–June 2025. Data were analyzed through stages of reduction, classification, and linguistic interpretation based on forensic linguistics frameworks and Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. The findings reveal that antipathy is predominantly expressed through hate speech, sarcasm, insults, unsubstantiated accusations, harsh satire, and negative labeling. From a forensic linguistics perspective, these expressions are characterized by negative evaluative lexis, presuppositions that frame assumptions as facts, and delegitimizing linguistic strategies targeting the subject. In terms of politeness, most comments violate both positive and negative face, indicating potential ethical and legal implications. This study underscores the urgency of language politeness education as an integral component of digital literacy in fostering responsible online public discourse.
ENHANCING COMMUNITY LITERACY THROUGH CONTEXTUAL INDONESIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of context-based Indonesian language learning in improving the literacy skills of the Kokoda community in Papua. The study is motivated by the low literacy levels influenced by the dominance of local languages, limited access to education, and the lack of learning approaches relevant to daily life contexts. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method combined with a community-based participatory approach (Community-Based Learning). The research design used a one-group pre-test–post-test model involving 45 participants from various age groups. Data were collected through literacy tests, observations, reflective interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the initial literacy level of participants was categorized as low, with a mean score of 48.0. After the intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with the mean score increasing to 72.7. This improvement is supported by the paired sample t-test result (t = 12.45; p < 0.05), indicating statistical significance. In addition, participant engagement during the learning process was high, suggesting that the context-based approach effectively enhances motivation and participation. Therefore, context-based Indonesian language learning is proven to be effective in improving literacy skills and can be recommended as a strategic approach for literacy eradication and sustainable literacy development in local communities.
SYNTACTIC ERROR ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA LANGUAGE DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 1 SINDUE TOBATA
This study aims to describe the types of syntactic errors found in the descriptive essays of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Sindue Tobata. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with students’ written works as the data source. The findings show that students’ ability to apply Indonesian syntactic structures still needs improvement. The most frequent errors include phrase structure errors, such as the use of nonstandard phrases, ineffective phrases, and phrases that do not align with their syntactic functions. In addition, sentence structure errors were also identified, including run-on sentences, incomplete sentences, and disorganized sentence elements that obscure meaning. Spelling errors, particularly in the use of capital letters and punctuation marks, further reduced the clarity of students’ writing. These findings indicate that students tend to write using patterns of spoken language, resulting in poorly structured written language. The contributing factors to these errors include limited understanding of phrase concepts and effective sentences, a lack of structured writing practice, and insufficient habituation in applying the rules of Indonesian orthography (PUEBI). Therefore, a more systematic instructional approach is needed to enhance students’ syntactic skills in writing descriptive essays.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUAL OF "PURUNG TA LIANG MARAPU" IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL SUMBA REGENCY
The Purung Ta Liang Marapu ritual represents a sacred cultural practice of the Central Sumba community, employing a specialized form of language as a medium of transcendental communication with ancestral entities (Marapu). However, the meanings and functions of this ritual language remain largely inaccessible to the general community and are primarily confined to traditional authorities (Ratu). This study aims to analyze the use of language in the ritual and to identify its social, cultural, and religious-magical functions from a sociolinguistic perspective. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive sociolinguistic method. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with Ratu and traditional elders, and audio-visual documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that ritual language constitutes a sacred register characterized by archaic diction, parallelism, and formulaic expressions. Sociolinguistically, it functions as a mechanism of social legitimacy, a tool for social cohesion, and a medium for transmitting cultural values and Marapu beliefs. Additionally, ritual language exhibits performative properties that contribute to maintaining the balance between humans, ancestors, and the natural world. The limited public understanding is attributed to the exclusivity of oral transmission. Therefore, systematic linguistic documentation is essential to preserve cultural continuity and to bridge intergenerational knowledge gaps in the context of modernization.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN RESPONSES TO “TOT TOT WUK WUK” SIRENS
This study examines the use of language on social media as a means of expressing attitudes, emotions, and public evaluations of social phenomena. The focus of the research is on expressive speech acts found in the comment section of a Metro TV YouTube video titled “Fitra Eri Tanggapi Kendaraan Berstrobo Tot Tot Wuk Wuk.” The aim of this study is to describe the forms of expressive speech acts used by users in responding to the content. This research employs a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The data consist of written utterances in the YouTube comment section that contain expressive speech acts. Data were collected through documentation techniques, including reading, recording, and identifying relevant comments. The data analysis was conducted by classifying the utterances based on types of expressive speech acts and interpreting their meanings within the context of digital communication. The results show that there are 50 instances of expressive speech acts, consisting of criticism (21 data), praise (17 data), expressions of gratitude (5 data), expressions of anger (4 data), condemnation (2 data), and congratulations (1 data). Meanwhile, forms such as apologizing and expressing condolences were not found. The dominance of critical expressions indicates that social media comment sections are often used as spaces to convey public evaluations of social issues.In conclusion, social media functions as a public communication space that enables individuals to express psychological attitudes, experiences, and perspectives on emerging social issues through various forms of expressive speech acts.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA MODEL TO ENHANCE LITERACY SKILLS AND MORAL CHARACTER OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of the TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA instructional model in improving literacy skills and moral character (akhlakul karimah) of primary school students. The study was motivated by the low level of students’ literacy and the need to strengthen character development as reflected in daily behavior. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research participants were 14 sixth-grade students of SDN Wirogomo 02, consisting of 6 male students and 8 female students, aged 11–12 years old. The study also involved teachers, peer tutors, school stakeholders, and expert validators. The research instruments included expert validation questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, literacy tests in the form of pretest and posttest, and observation sheets for assessing moral character. The results indicate that the model achieved a high level of validity with an average score of 91%, practicality of 88% in the practical category, and significant effectiveness in improving students’ literacy skills, as evidenced by an increase in scores from 58.2 to 81.6 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the model was also effective in enhancing students’ moral character, with an average score of 87% in the good category. These findings suggest that the TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA model is an innovative instructional approach that integrates literacy and character education holistically through peer tutoring, reading habituation, moral reflection, and behavioral practice. Therefore, this model is recommended as an alternative strategy for improving the quality of primary education, particularly in strengthening literacy culture and character development.
FEASIBILITY OF PICTURE STORYBOOK FOR READING COMPREHENSION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Despite growing recognition of the importance of contextual literacy media, there remains a significant gap in the availability of culturally grounded picture storybooks tailored to students in newly developed regions such as the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) area. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the picture storybook “Langkah Kecil Eka di Ibu Kota Nusantara” as a learning medium to improve reading comprehension skills among fourth-grade elementary school students. A qualitative descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through passive participatory observation, in-depth interviews with nine participants (two fourth-grade teachers, one school principal, and six fourth-grade students), and documentation at SD Negeri 006 Sepaku, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency. Analysis was conducted systematically on four components content/material, language, illustration, and curriculum alignment using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014), with data validity ensured through source and technical triangulation. The findings indicate that the book demonstrates high alignment with the Indonesian Language Learning Achievement for Phase B in the Merdeka Curriculum, incorporates contextual local wisdom values of IKN, and presents illustrations that support students’ inferential comprehension. This study contributes an evidence-based feasibility analysis of a locally situated literacy medium, offering a replicable framework for developing culturally responsive reading materials in under-resourced and newly established educational contexts across Indonesia.
ENHANCING PRE-SERVICE SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO HEARING-IMPAIRED ELEMENTARY STUDENTS THROUGH FOTONOVELA MEDIA
Reading comprehension is a fundamental literacy skill that is essential for deaf or hard-of-hearing students to access academic information and participate in social life. However, limited auditory input and language development challenges often create barriers to understanding written texts. This study aimed to enhance the pedagogical competence of pre-service special education teachers in teaching reading comprehension to hearing-impaired students through the use of fotonovela media. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group approach and was conducted at SLB Pangudi Luhur and SLB Santi Rama as authentic learning contexts. The participants were pre-service special education teachers divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention involved training and teaching practice using fotonovela media integrating visual supports, the Indonesian Sign System (SIBI), and principles of the Maternal Reflective Method (MMR). Pretest results indicated that the initial competence levels of both groups were relatively equivalent, while posttest results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group. The use of fotonovela media significantly improved the pedagogical competence of pre-service teachers, particularly in instructional planning, visual strategies, language and communication support, adaptive teaching practices, and student engagement. The improvement in teacher competence contributed to the development of students’ reading comprehension skills, including vocabulary understanding, identifying main ideas, sequencing events, recognizing story elements, answering questions, making simple inferences, and summarizing texts. These findings indicate that fotonovela media is an innovative and sustainable approach to strengthening teachers’ pedagogical competence while supporting literacy development among deaf students.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE FEMALE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL NYI SADIKEM: SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR'S EXISTENTIALIST FEMINISM
The novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad presents the complexity of the female main character's life journey, which cannot be separated from how she is defined by patriarchal society. Using Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist approach, this study examines the forms of objectification and subjectivity of women as depicted in the novel Nyi Sadikem. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method in which the researcher serves as the key instrument. The data source is the novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad, published by Marjin Kiri. Data were collected through careful reading and note-taking. The collected data consisted of dialogues and narrative passages. The research procedure included recording data, identifying and analyzing the findings based on Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist theory, and drawing conclusions. The results show various forms of objectification experienced by the female main character, including her positioning as the Other, discrimination, and gender stereotyping. The study also identifies the subjectivity of the female protagonist as a form of resistance against her objectification, manifested through her rejection of the position as the Other, her intellectual capacity, and her engagement in work.
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF ARABIC EXPRESSIONS IN STUDENT INTERACTION AT UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
This study examines the pragmatic functions of Arabic expressions in the oral conversations of students at UIN Walisongo Semarang within the context of religious-academic interaction. Prior research has largely emphasized code-switching classifications and social factors, while the dimensions of illocution, discourse management, and relational distribution remain underanalyzed in an integrated manner, particularly in naturalistic student interaction within Indonesian Islamic higher education (PTKIN). This study aims to identify the forms and contexts of Arabic expression use, analyze their functions as speech act realizations, discourse markers, and sociopragmatic markers, and explain their distribution across peer and hierarchical relationships. A qualitative sociopragmatic approach is employed, integrating Searle's speech act theory, Leech's politeness principles, Hymes' ethnography of communication, and Schiffrin's discourse marker framework. Data were collected through two months of natural conversation recordings involving 20 participants from multiple faculties, yielding 24 functionally classified types of Arabic expressions as units of analysis. The findings indicate that Arabic expressions function as multidimensional pragmatic resources realizing expressive, directive, assertive, and commissive speech acts, while simultaneously managing discourse structure and indexing deference in hierarchical relationships. The study concludes that Arabic expressions are undergoing indexical stabilization within the student speech community: rather than functioning merely as religious identity markers, they constitute a multifunctional pragmatic infrastructure that organizes discourse, manages social relations, and constructs normatively grounded commitments within a shared religious-academic environment. These findings carry implications for sociopragmatic theory and language education in PTKIN institutions.
RECONSTRUCTION OF MALAY TEACHING VALUES IN FOLKLORE OF RIAU PROVINCE BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
This study aims to describe the Malay cultural values found in folk tales analyzed based on the concept of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu according to Tenas Effendy. The focus of the study includes religious values, hard work, responsibility, compassion, independence, self-awareness, generosity, sincerity, and gratitude. The method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The data consists of narrative quotations and character dialogues that contain Malay moral and cultural teachings, which are then analyzed by relating them to the principles of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu. The results of the study show that the characters in the stories display attitudes that are in line with the noble values of Malay society, such as working hard to earn a living, teaching selflessly, being responsible for the family, loving others, being generous, and being grateful for God's blessings. These values not only serve as guidelines for individual behavior, but also as the foundation for the formation of a civilized, religious, and noble society.
LANGUAGE VARIATION IN FREE FIRE ONLINE GAME COMMUNICATION IN SARUDU DISTRICT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY
This study examines language variation in the communication of Free Fire online game players in Sarudu District, Pasangkayu Regency, from a sociolinguistic perspective. It aims to describe the forms of language variation used by players and to explain their social functions in gameplay interaction. This study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. The data consisted of oral utterances produced by Free Fire players, collected through observation, non-participant listening, note-taking, and recording techniques. The data were analyzed through transcription, identification, classification, and interpretation based on the types of language variation and their contexts of use. The findings reveal three dominant forms of language variation: dialect, sociolect, and slang. Dialectal variation appears in the use of local linguistic forms such as miki, manako, and waitmi dulu, which indicate regional identity and social closeness among players. Sociolectal variation is reflected in game-specific terms such as revive, headshot, knock, push, and cover, which function to support rapid strategic coordination during gameplay. Meanwhile, slang variation appears in informal expressions such as bot, anjay, bum, and ko mampus, which are used to express emotions, mock opponents, and build familiarity among players. The study also finds code-mixing between local language, Indonesian, and English gaming terms. These findings indicate that communication in Free Fire is not merely a technical tool for gameplay but also a sociolinguistic practice that represents local identity, group solidarity, and language adaptation in digital culture.
THE REPRESENTATION OF RITUAL TRADITIONIN THE SHORT STORY PESTA ADAT BAGI PUTRI KARANG MELENU
Literature serves as a medium of cultural representation that records values, traditions, and belief systems. This research analyzes the representation of cultural meaning and tradition in the short story "Pesta Adat Bagi Putri Karang Melenu" using a literary anthropological approach. The study focuses on indigenous rituals, cultural symbolism, and social interaction as reflections of the collective identity and value systems of the indigenous peoples described. The research method employed is content analysis, using the short story text as the primary data source. Data collection was conducted through a literature study, involving in-depth reading to identify cultural elements. The data were analyzed through coding, theme grouping, and interpreting symbolic meanings related to rituals, mythological symbols, and social interaction patterns. This analysis relates textual findings with relevant literary anthropological and cultural studies theories to gain a contextual understanding of the cultural meanings. The results show that traditional rituals function as symbols of social legitimacy, cultural transition, and individual recognition within the indigenous social structure. Cultural symbolism, through mythological figures and magical beasts, represents a belief system that views nature and non-human beings as integral parts of cultural cosmology. Additionally, social interactions between characters reflect communal values, such as adherence to customary norms, social solidarity, and respect for collective interests. In conclusion, this study confirms that "Pesta Adat Bagi Putri Karang Melenu" acts as a medium of cultural representation and a means of preserving tradition through its narrative structure, bridging the gap between ancient heritage and modern literary expression for future generations.
REPRESENTATION OF GENDER INJUSTICE IN THE NOVEL BROKEN STRINGS BY AURELIE MOEREMANS A STUDY OF LITERARY FEMINISM
Gender inequality is formed through a process of social construction that develops within a patriarchal system and is manifested in various manifestations of unequal relations between men and women. The literary work Broken Strings illustrates this reality through the narratives of its female characters. This study aims to analyze the various manifestations of gender inequality experienced by the female characters in the novel, adopting the theoretical framework of feminism developed by Mansour Fakih. This study uses a descriptive, analytical, qualitative approach as its primary methodology. Primary data were obtained from the entire text of the novel Broken Strings, and data collection was conducted using library research methods. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of identification, categorization, and interpretation of quotations, indicating the presence of gender inequality, in line with Mansour Fakih's conceptual framework, which includes five aspects: marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence, and double workload. The research findings reveal that the female characters in the novel experience marginalization in access to social and economic resources, subordination in family decision-making, and stereotypes that hinder their freedom and identity formation. This study also identifies forms of symbolic and psychological violence that function as instruments of patriarchal control. The phenomenon of the double burden of work is clearly visible in the pressure of domestic responsibilities that remain attached to women, along with social obligations, without a fair and equal division of roles. The results of this study confirm that the novel Broken Strings presents a critique of patriarchal structures through depictions of unequal power relations and the transformation of consciousness and resistance the female characters undergo against the various forms of oppression they experience.