KONFIKS: Journal of research results in Languages, Literature and Teaching. Jurnal Konfiks is a peer-reviewed journal managed of Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar in collaboration with Perkumpulan Program Studi Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (IKAPROBSI) with registered numbers e-ISSN 2746-1866 and p-ISSN 2355 -2638. Published four times a year, namely in March, June, September, and December. The scope of research results that can be published in the Jurnal Konfiks are: Indonesian language: Scientific language studies (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing); Indonesian literature: Literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature, adaptation studies (ekranasi), sociology of literature; Indonesian Language and Literature Education: Lesson planning, learning strategies, assessment and evaluation, curriculum development, teaching materials, and educational media. The Editorial Board provides a space for Researchers, Academics, and Practitioners to share knowledge by following the provisions in focus and scope, publication ethics, writing guidelines, review processes, and journal templates that must be followed by writers. With an online submission system, ensure that articles meet journal submission guidelines. For further information, please refer to the KONFIKS Journal's terms and conditions or contact us at konfiks@unismuh.ac.id
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FROM CONVENTIONAL READING TO MOODLE-BASED LEARNING: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION
The rapid advancement of digital technology has encouraged the integration of Learning Management Systems (LMS) in higher education, including in reading instruction. Although Moodle is widely adopted, empirical evidence based on experimental approaches that directly examine its effectiveness in enhancing undergraduate students’ reading comprehension remains limited, particularly in comparison with conventional reading instruction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Moodle-based reading instruction on students’ reading comprehension and to compare learning outcomes between students taught through Moodle and those taught through traditional instructional methods. A quasi-experimental research design employing a pretest–posttest control group was applied. The participants consisted of 46 undergraduate students divided into two intact classes: an experimental group (n = 23) and a control group (n = 23). The experimental group received reading instruction through Moodle, integrating structured learning materials, interactive activities, and formative assessments, while the control group was taught using conventional face-to-face reading instruction with printed materials and teacher-led discussions. A reading comprehension test was administered as both a pretest and a posttest. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-samples t-tests to examine within-group improvement, independent-samples t-tests to compare posttest performance between groups, and effect size analysis to assess practical significance. The results revealed that both groups demonstrated significant improvement in reading comprehension from pretest to posttest; however, the experimental group showed significantly greater gains than the control group. Furthermore, the posttest comparison indicated a statistically significant difference with a large effect size, suggesting that Moodle-based instruction had a substantial and educationally meaningful impact on students’ reading comprehension. Overall, the findings indicate that Moodle-based reading instruction is an effective approach for enhancing undergraduate students’ reading comprehension and offers considerable pedagogical benefits for reading instruction in higher education contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DISCOURSE ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE AND GENDER INEQUALITY IN THE PALESTINIAN-ISRAELI CONFLICT: SARA MILLS’ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study examines the discourse of sexual violence and gender inequality against Palestinian women in the Palestine–Israel conflict using Sara Mills’ Critical Discourse Analysis approach. It aims to reveal how women’s positions are represented in Arabic online media Al Arabiya, Al Jazeera, and CNN Arabic. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, analyzing ten news texts based on four key elements of Mills’ framework: the subject, object, writer, and reader positions. The findings show that Palestinian women experience multiple layers of oppression. They are victims of sexual violence, harassment, humiliation, and murder by Israeli forces, while also facing structural inequality such as limited access to reproductive health and basic needs. Al Arabiya portrays women as powerless victims, Al Jazeera provides space for women to speak as active subjects, while CNN Arabic presents their suffering collectively but often conceals the perpetrators through passive constructions. These findings highlight that the Palestine Israel conflict is not merely political or military but also a gendered media issue, where women are symbolized as powerless sufferers. Thus, media discourse plays a crucial role in shaping public awareness of justice and gender equality for Palestinian women.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIOVISUAL MEDIA TO IMPROVE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN WRITING EXPOSITORY TEXTS
This research was initiated due to students’ low proficiency in writing exposition texts, primarily resulting from challenges in understanding text organization, using formal language, and the lack of engaging and interactive learning media. The aim of this study is to create audiovisual learning media to enhance the exposition text writing skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 8 Percut Sei Tuan. The research applied a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Findings from the analysis phase showed that students experience difficulties in grasping the structure and appropriate language use in exposition texts. Validation carried out by experts in material, media, and language demonstrated that the developed media was classified as highly valid, with an average score exceeding 88%. Field testing showed the audiovisual media was considered practical and easy to use, reflected by 92% of students giving positive responses. The effectiveness assessment demonstrated significant improvement in students’ writing ability, with an average pre-test score of 52.73 increasing to 84.58 in the post-test, and an N-Gain value of 0.6657 (66.57%), categorized as effective. The media was proven to enhance student motivation and learning outcomes through engaging and contextual material that integrates visual and audio elements effectively. Therefore, the audiovisual media developed using the ADDIE model is feasible as an innovative learning tool in Indonesian language instruction to strengthen students’ exposition writing skills in an effective and enjoyable manner. The findings suggest that audiovisual-based media can serve as a creative learning alternative to support 21st-century technology-oriented language education.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE FORM AND MEANING OF LANGUAGE REGISTER IN FOOTBALL FAN POSTS ON TWITTER ACCOUNTS
Research on the form and meaning of language registers is motivated by interactions among football fans on social media, which reveal linguistic phenomena in the form of the use of specific and unique terms. Terms in the form of words, phrases, or sentences that are used specifically by a particular group constitute a language register. This study aims to define two types of language registers—open and closed—and explain their meanings in football fan interactions. The study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data from posts on the @idextratime account. The data collection method used is observation and note-taking. Meanwhile, the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data classification, and content analysis. The results of the study show 98 language registers, consisting of 69 forms of closed registers that are technical and formal in nature, and 29 forms of open registers that are dynamic and informal in nature. Meanwhile, in terms of the meaning of language registers, the data is divided into four categories: playing techniques, playing positions, technical terms, and slang expressions. The meanings of the registers found experience narrowing, broadening, and shifting meanings depending on the context of use. The use of metaphors in the register data found shows differences with language varieties in contexts outside of football. Therefore, the language register in the football community on social media not only represents a sporting activity, but also embodies the identity of football fans.
REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE HEROES IN THE FOLK STORY OF PUTROE ALOEH: A STRUCTURAL AND SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS FROM ROLAND BARTHES' PERSPECTIVE
The Acehnese folktale “Putroe Aloeh” tells about the legendary value of female heroism in one of the provinces of Aceh, although it raises the narrative of female heroism, the representation of the character of Putroe Aloeh in the text is often overlooked from critical studies. In fact, there is a potential for hidden patriarchal ideology behind the heroic appearance. This study aims to explain the value of heroism, independence, the role of women presented in the Acehnese folktale “Putroe Aloeh”, the narrative structure of the story, revealing the denotation, connotation, and myth of female heroism formed through Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis. The method used in the study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive design. Data collection techniques through documentation/text studies (oral transcripts and manuscripts). Data analysis techniques in the study by recording data, extracting and categorizing text studies structurally and semiotically from Roland Barthes' perspective. The results of the study show that the representation of female heroism in the Putroe Aloeh folktale is instrumental (a tool). Structurally, Putroe Aloeh plays the role of a Donor who has absolute power over magical assets (the "Flying Horse" and the "Areca Nut Tree") and tests male characters. This role is reinforced by a semiotic analysis that forms the myth that Putroe Aloeh's heroism stems from wealth and uniqueness (not physical actions), and is embodied as a ruler who determines negotiations. In conclusion, the ideology of the story acknowledges female power, but the narrative structure limits the role of power as a bridge for Malem Diwa to achieve her goals. Thus, the role of the highest act of courage lies with the male character. This study suggests the need for a critical review of folk narratives about heroic female figures to identify women's power as framed in a limited way in traditional literature.
SIMPLE TECNOLOGY IN RURAL COMMUNITIES IN CHIWETEL EJIFOR THE BOY WHO HARNESSDED THE WIND (2019)
This study aims to analyze the representation of simple technology in rural communities as depicted in Chiwetel Ejiofor’s The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind (2019). Simple technology is defined as a locally sourced, low-cost, and practical form of innovation that can be constructed and maintained using basic materials and community knowledge. Employing a descriptive qualitative method and the Sociology of Literature framework by Swingewood and Laurenson, this research examines how functionality, feasibility, and flexibility of simple technology are portrayed through William Kamkwamba’s efforts to build a windmill from recycled objects. Data were collected through analysis of film dialogue, visual imagery, audio elements, and supporting literature. The findings show that simple technology in the film functions not only as a mechanical tool but also as a symbol of creativity, resilience, and social solidarity. William’s windmill provides a direct solution to water scarcity while restoring collective hope and cooperation in a community facing environmental crisis and structural poverty. The film also emphasizes the importance of education, persistence, and local knowledge in enabling community-driven innovation. This study concludes that simple technology plays a vital role in empowering marginalized rural communities because it is contextual, sustainable, and rooted in everyday problem-solving. Furthermore, the film demonstrates how cinematic representation of technology can serve as social reflection and inspire grassroots innovation in developing countries.
AFFIX FORMS AND MORPHOPHONEMIC PROCESSES BANJAR LANGUAGE IN PEMATANG LUMUT VILLAGE
The migration of Banjar speakers outside South Kalimantan has resulted in variations in the Banjar language according to the new social and environmental context of the speakers, including those in Pematang Lumut Village, Jambi Province. This study aims to describe the affix forms and morphophonemic processes of the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method, with data in the form of affixed words that contain morphophonemic processes in the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village. Data collection was carried out through observation and interviews. The results of this study indicate that there are four forms of affixes in the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village, namely prefixes, suffixes, confixes, and affix combinations. The morphophonemic processes found in the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village are (1) phoneme changes; (2) phoneme emergence; (3) phoneme preservation; (4) phoneme deletion; (5) phoneme position shifts; (6) phoneme changes and dissolution; (7) changes and emergence of phonemes; (8) disappearance and emergence of phonemes; (9) changes, decay, and emergence of phonemes. These findings indicate that there are differences in the morphophonemic processes of the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village with the Banjar Hulu language in South Kalimantan. In the Banjar language in Pematang Lumut Village, the affixes {maN-} and {paN-} when they meet a basic morpheme beginning with the phoneme /c/ will cause /N/ to change into /ɲ/ and the phoneme /c/ to undergo decay. Meanwhile, in the Banjar language in South Kalimantan, the combination of the affixes {maN-} and {paN-} with a basic morpheme beginning with the phoneme /c/ actually causes /N/ to change into /n/ and the phoneme /c/ to undergo decay.
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD’S SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM IN A. FUADI’S NOVEL BUYA HAMKA
The novel Buya Hamka by A. Fuadi portrays the spiritual and social journey of its character through a complex process of self-awareness formation. Utilizing George Herbert Mead's Symbolic Interactionism theory, this study explores the forms of symbolic interactions that shape the self-awareness (Self) of the character Buya Hamka, which consists of two main elements: I (the spontaneous, creative, and reflective self) and Me (the social self shaped by societal norms and values). The approach used is descriptive qualitative, focusing on the analysis of narrative excerpts, dialogues, and monologues that display inner dynamics, social relations, and religious values within the text. The findings indicate that the character Buya Hamka reflects a balance between personal drives and social awareness. The element of I is evident through the character’s intellectual zeal, moral courage, and creativity in facing challenges, while the element of Me is reflected in adherence to religious values, social concern, and moral responsibility as a scholar and leader. The interaction between the two gives rise to a self that is mature both spiritually and ethically, demonstrating that the formation of a religious personality is the result of dialogue between the individual and the social environment. This study emphasizes the relevance of Mead's theory in understanding the social and spiritual dimensions of literary characters and illustrates that Buya Hamka serves as a philosophical reflection on the formation of human identity and morality within a socio-religious context.
COMPLIMENTS IN TIKTOK COMMENT COLUMNS A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY
This study examines compliment expressions in TikTok comment sections through a sociolinguistic lens. The research is grounded in the understanding that social media functions not only as a communication platform but also as a space where users express social, emotional, and religious identities. The purpose of this study is to describe the forms and functions of compliments used by TikTok users and to reveal the social values represented in these expressions. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, utilizing observation and note-taking techniques for data collection, and the referential method to analyze linguistic forms based on their social context. The data consist of compliment utterances extracted from the comment sections of four Indonesian TikTok creators. The findings reveal three main forms of compliments: First, compliments with intensifiers such as truly, so much, beautiful, and fragrant, which emphasize admiration for physical appearance or positive traits. Second, compliments with religious expressions such as Tabarakallah, Masya Allah, and Alhamdulillah, which highlight spiritual values, politeness, and religious identity. Third, compliments combining intensifiers and religious expressions, such as Subhanallah so much and MashaAllah always, which merge emotional intensity with religious meaning. Functionally, the compliments fall into two categories complimen on physical appearance and compliments on personality. The study concludes that compliments on TikTok function as social discourse that reflects linguistic creativity, politeness strategies, and the moral and religious identities of digital communities. These findings contribute to the development of digital sociolinguitstic studies, particularly regarding language use in social media interaction.
THE WORD DOG AS A SWEAR SOCIOCULTURAL STUDY
The use of the word anjing (dog) and its variations as an expletive is a linguistic phenomenon that reflects the dynamics of values, norms, and customs in Indonesian society. This expletive not only serves as an expression of negative emotions, but also has social meanings that are influenced by the development of digital culture and intergenerational interactions. This study aims to analyse the sociocultural meaning of the use of the word anjing by examining how socio-cultural values, norms of politeness, and community customs play a role in shaping the function and acceptance of this word. The study uses a qualitative approach with Vygotsky's (1978) sociocultural theory as the basis for analysis. Data were collected through a Google Form involving 102 respondents from three age groups (15–25 years, 26–35 years, and 36–45 years). The data were then analysed through a process of selection, categorisation, and meaning-based interpretation. The results of the study show a shift in the meaning of the word anjing between generations. The younger generation tends to interpret this expletive as a spontaneous expression, a joke, and a symbol of familiarity, while the older generations view it more as a violation of norms of politeness and moral values. This phenomenon reflects a loosening of linguistic norms and the formation of new habits influenced by digital media and social circles. Socioculturally, the use of the word anjing reflects the process of internalising cultural values and adapting language to social change. This research implies that swear words are not merely a form of negative expression, but also a representation of social identity and cultural change in Indonesian society.
SOCIAL SOLIDARITY IN THE NOVEL TANAH PARA BANDIT BY TERE LIYE: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
This study explores how social solidarity is portrayed in Tere Liye’s novel Tanah Para Bandit, focusing on the ways language is used to depict relationships between characters and to highlight the presence of power within their social environment. The novel is viewed not only as an aesthetic work but also as a space that carries values, ideologies, and social realities shaped through the author’s word choices and narrative style. The purpose of this research is to explain the forms of solidarity that appear in the story and to interpret how power relations operate through the characters’ language. This study uses a descriptive qualitative method by combining Émile Durkheim’s theory of social solidarity particularly the concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity with Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis model, which examines textual features, discourse practices, and the broader social context. The findings show that mechanical solidarity emerges through shared perspectives, adherence to traditional norms, and the respected role of Abu Syik, while organic solidarity is reflected in cooperation, division of roles, and collective awareness that grows through character interactions. Overall, the language in this novel is used effectively to illustrate the shift from traditional social patterns toward a more modern way of life in which collaboration, knowledge, and rational attitudes become increasingly important. These results indicate that the novel not only presents a narrative but also demonstrates how language shapes social perspectives and strengthens sociological literary studies grounded in discourse analysis.
DEVELOPMENT OF UKBI QUESTION BANK FOR STUDENTS OF THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE STUDY PROGRAM
This study aims to develop and examine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a Question Bank for the Indonesian Language Proficiency Test (UKBI) for students of the Indonesian Language Education (Tadris Bahasa Indonesia) Study Program. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model, which consists of the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. The research subjects comprised 35 sixth-semester students of the TBIND-1 class. Data were collected through expert validation sheets, lecturer and student response questionnaires, and learning implementation observation sheets. The results show that the developed UKBI question bank is valid, with a percentage of 80.76% in the media aspect and 88.46% in the learning evaluation aspect. The product’s practicality level based on student responses reached 87.75%, categorized as very practical. Meanwhile, the effectiveness level based on learning observation results achieved a percentage of 80.4%, categorized as effective. Therefore, the developed UKBI question bank is feasible to be used as a supporting instructional material to help students prepare for the UKBI and to support language learning in higher education.
CODE-SWITCHING AND CODE-MIXING IN FAN LETTERS OF INDONESIAN BANGTAN SONYEONDAN (BTS) FANS ON THE WEVERSE APP
This research is motivated by the phenomenon of language use in fan letters written by BTS fans on the Weverse application, which shows the occurrence of code-switching and code-mixing as a form of linguistic creativity in global digital communication. This study aims to describe the types of code-switching and code-mixing that appear, analyze the factors that cause both phenomena, and explain their implications for Indonesian language learning in personal and official letter materials. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The data are written utterances from fan letters of Indonesian BTS fans on the BTS group channel in the Weverse application, collected through observation and note-taking techniques. The data were analyzed through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion-drawing, and validated using theory triangulation. The results show that there are 271 instances of code-switching, all of which are external code-switching. In addition, 511 instances of code-mixing were found, consisting of inner code mixing, outer code mixing, and hybrid code mixing. The dominant factor causing code-switching is the interlocutor, while the main factor causing code-mixing is the speaker. These findings indicate that fans use language variation as a strategy to adapt to global communication contexts as well as to strengthen social identity within the fandom community. Pedagogically, the results of this study are relevant to Indonesian language learning, especially in teaching personal and official letter writing. The analysis of code-switching and code-mixing can serve as contextual teaching material to enhance language awareness, understanding of language varieties, and students’ functional writing skills in diverse communication situations.
AN ANALYSIS OF NOUN PHRASE USAGE IN THE KOMPAS.ID SHORT STORY SECTION (JANUARY–MARCH 2024) AND ITS PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN SHORT STORY TEXT LEARNING
This study examines the use of noun phrases in the Kompas.id short story section published between January and March 2024 and explores its implications for teaching short story texts in schools. The study is motivated by the importance of linguistic analysis in understanding syntactic structures within modern literary works, particularly the role of noun phrases as key elements in shaping narrative meaning. The research aims to describe the syntactic functions of noun phrases, analyze the semantic relationships among their components, and identify the structural patterns used in the texts. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed, with data collected through close reading and note-taking techniques applied to twenty short stories published during the research period. The data were analyzed through the stages of reduction, classification, and interpretation using syntactic theories proposed by Ramlan (2005), Alwi et al. (2014), and Kridalaksana (2011). The results indicate that noun phrases in Kompas.id short stories exhibit a range of syntactic functions, with the subject and adverbial functions being most dominant, while the complement function occurred least frequently. The most common semantic relationships identified were quantitative and additive, whereas the prevailing structural pattern was FN/N + N/FN. These findings confirm that noun phrases not only serve grammatical purposes but also carry stylistic and semantic significance in enhancing description and narrative imagery. Pedagogically, the results suggest that noun phrase analysis can be integrated into short story instruction to strengthen students’ linguistic awareness and narrative writing skills.
SHOULD VILLAGE NAMES CHANGE? A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF REJANG-LANGUAGE VILLAGE NAMES
This study aims to examine the changes in village names from Rejang to Indonesian that have undergone morphological shifts within the naming system. Using a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods, the study analyzes 18 village names from a morphological perspective and then explores the impact of these changes on the loss of original meanings in the Rejang language. The analysis reveals that Rejang-language village toponyms in Kepahiang Regency are predominantly polymorphemic, although one village follows a monomorphemic pattern. The change of village names from Rejang to Indonesian has a strong potential to erode the cultural and historical meanings embedded in Rejang toponyms. Moreover, this renaming process reflects administrative changes that require the Rejang language to conform to Indonesian as the national language. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that village names function not merely as linguistic markers but carry profound meanings, particularly in shaping collective culture and constructing collective memory preserved through original Rejang-language names. Therefore, a comprehensive and critical consideration is needed from local governments to reconsider and accommodate Rejang-language village names as original names within both administrative systems and everyday usage, in order to sustain cultural and historical continuity as part of language and cultural conservation in Indonesia.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEEP LEARNING APPROACH IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING AT THE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL
This study aims to analyze teachers’ perceptions, implementation strategies, and challenges in applying the Deep Learning approach in English language teaching at the junior high school level. Using a qualitative descriptive design, data were collected through semi structured interviews with six English teachers who are members of the Muhammadiyah MGMP in Surakarta. The study focuses on how teachers understand the concept of Deep Learning, how they translate this understanding into daily instructional practices, and how they respond to the obstacles that arise during implementation. The findings indicate that teachers perceive Deep Learning as a meaningful, mindful, and joyful learning process that encourages students to think critically, build conceptual connections, and relate learning materials to real life experiences. In practice, teachers employ various strategies such as contextual tasks, collaborative discussions, problem solving activities, simple project work, and engaging learning activities designed to promote student motivation and participation. However, teachers also encounter several challenges, including limited instructional time, inflexible classroom conditions, and difficulties in designing activities that accommodate students’ diverse needs and proficiency levels. To address these issues, teachers develop more structured lesson plans, adjust activities based on classroom realities, and utilize the MGMP forum as a collaborative space to share experiences and refine instructional strategies. These findings emphasize the importance of teacher training programs that focus on designing adaptable and practical Deep Learning based instructional activities suitable for diverse school contexts.
SARA MILLS’ CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE REPRESENTATION OF NIKITA MIRZANI IN INDONESIAN ONLINE MEDIA COVERAGE
This study is grounded in the tendency of online media to represent female public figures in ways that often contain gender bias and specific moral constructions. News coverage of Nikita Mirzani serves as a relevant case for examining how women are positioned within legal and social discourse through media framing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the representation of women by exploring the construction of subject, object, writer, and reader positions in news texts using Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis approach. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, with data collected through documentary study of news articles published by Detik.com, Mind of the People, Kompas.com, and CNN Indonesia. The analysis was conducted by identifying patterns in the placement of female actors within the texts and comparing the narrative strategies used by each media outlet. Data validity was ensured through source triangulation and repeated readings to maintain consistency in interpretation. The findings reveal significant differences in representational construction. Detik.com and CNN Indonesia tend to portray Nikita Mirzani as an active, assertive, and rational subject in responding to legal issues, while Pikiran Rakyat and Kompas.com emphasize her emotional dimension and moral positioning as a public woman. These findings indicate that women's representation in the media remains influenced by patriarchal values that shape power relations within news narratives. This study highlights the importance of critical media awareness in fostering fairer and more gender-sensitive representations, while also contributing to the development of critical discourse analysis in the context of Indonesian digital media.
ANALYSIS OF THE STYLISTICS OF IWAN FALS’ SONG LYRICS IN REVEALING SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN VALUES
This study aims to analyze the stylistics of Iwan Fals' song lyrics in conveying social and humanitarian values. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method with a stylistic approach, where the data are analyzed from words, sentences, and expressions in each verse of the song Lyrics. The data sources of this study are the song lyrics of Iwan Fals from various albums and singles. Data collection was conducted through documentary studies by reading, identifying, and classifying words, sentences, and expressions based on stylistic aspects. The data were analyzed using a stylistic approach encompassing figurative language and imagery, then categorized according to their types and functions. The results show that Iwan Fals' lyrics contain various forms of figurative language, such as metaphors, similes, personifications, metonymy, synecdoche, epithets, epic similes, and allegories. In addition, the lyrics also contain imagery, including visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, olfactory, and movement imagery. These figurative language and imagery elements strengthen the social and humanitarian messages, emphasizing criticism of injustice, social inequality, and depicting the conditions and struggles of society. For example, the use of metaphors and similes in certain lyrics reveals the suffering of the people or compassion for others, while visual and auditory imagery enhances the listener's imagination. This study shows that Iwan Fals is not only produces musically aesthetic works but also conveys profound social and moral meanings relevant to community life. Stylistic analysis help to understand how figurative language and imagery are used to effectively communicate social messages and humanitarian Values in Iwan Fals' song lyrics.
PERIPHRASTIC CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN THE PUNAN DAYAK LANGUAGE
The Punan Dayak language is one of the regional languages in the province of North Kalimantan. The Punan Dayak language is widely used by the Punan Dayak tribe in Malinau Regency. The Punan Dayak language is part of the Austronesian language family. This study discusses analytical or periphrastic causatives in the Punan Dayak language. This study attempts to reveal the form of analytical causatives in the Dayak Punan language, including the verbs that mark these constructions. The data collection methods used in this study were observation and interviews. The research data were taken from direct speech by Dayak Punan speakers. The informants in this study were from the Dayak Punan tribe, aged between 25 and 55 years. The data analysis method used in this study was the distribution technique. Based on the results of this study, there are two types of verbs that are the main predicates in analytical causative constructions in the Dayak Punan language. These verbs are nucuh and menah. The distribution of these two verbs is different. The verb nucuh can appear in analytical or periphrastic causative constructions that have embedded clauses with transitive and intransitive verbs as predicates. On the other hand, the verb menah can only appear in analytical or periphrastic causative constructions that have an embedded clause with an intransitive verb predicate. The implications of this research are expected to become a means of preserving the Dayak Punan language and a basis for compiling Dayak Punan grammar.
SPEECH ACTS OF BULLYING AGAINST WOMEN IN THE FILM SERIES "THE GLORY"
Bullying is a social phenomenon that frequently occurs across various levels of society, including educational settings that should serve as spaces for human character development. The high prevalence of bullying cases in Indonesia indicates that acts of intimidation remain a serious issue, particularly for women who are more vulnerable to psychological pressure. The Korean drama The Glory explicitly depicts various forms of bullying against female students, making it relevant to be analyzed through a pragmatic perspective. This study aims to explain the types of verbal bullying speech acts against women in The Glory, the forms of utterances used, and the resulting psychological impacts. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive method with data collected through observation and note-taking of utterances in the film containing verbal bullying. The data were analyzed using Searle’s speech act theory and the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, while data validity was ensured through triangulation of methods, sources, and instruments. The findings show that verbal bullying speech acts include directive, representative, assertive, and expressive types. The forms of verbal bullying comprise shouting harshly, threatening and intimidating, mocking and belittling, and using degrading nicknames. The psychological impacts include anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, social isolation, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study emphasizes that speech act analysis in films can serve as an educational medium to raise public awareness of the dangers of verbal bullying against women.
THE USE OF EPONYMS IN STREET NAMING IN THE CITY OF JEMBER, EAST JAVA: A LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE STUDY
Street naming, as a part of the linguistic landscape, serves not only as a spatial identifier but also conveys historical, cultural, and local identity values. In Jember City, many streets are named after eponyms or influential figures, yet public awareness of the historical and symbolic meanings behind these names remains low. This phenomenon is significant to study because the naming of streets reflects social and historical dynamics within society. The purpose of this research is to identify the categories of eponyms used in Jember’s street naming and to describe their contextual meanings, which include the origin of the figures, historical background, contributions, and their relation to Jember’s local culture. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through Google Maps observation and literature reviews from government websites, local media such as Radar Jember, village portals, Wikipedia, academic articles, and historical records. The collected data, consisting of eponymous street names, were analyzed to classify categories and interpret the historical and cultural values reflected in them. Eight categories were identified: Kings (8), Religious Figures (7), Wali Songo (3), National Heroes (14), Revolutionary Heroes (4), Educational Figures (2), Health Figures (1), and Community Leaders (2). The National Heroes category dominates, symbolizing the strengthening of nationalism, struggle, and dedication. The contextual meanings highlight respect for figures, reinforcement of local identity, religious values, and appreciation of contributions to education and health. Overall, eponym-based street naming in Jember functions as a symbolic medium connecting public space with history, moral values, and collective pride.
REPRESENTATION OF SOCIAL PRESSURE ON PERMISSIVE DATING IN THE FILM PANTASKAH AKU BERHIJAB (SHOULD I WEAR THE HIJAB: A PSYCHOLOGICAL LITERARY STUDY
This study explores the social pressure faced by hijab-wearing women, particularly in relation to permissive dating behaviors, using the film Pantaskah Aku Berhijab as its central text. The main character, Sofi, embodies the inner conflict many religious women experience when societal expectations clash with personal morality. Employing a qualitative descriptive method with a literary psychology approach—specifically Krech’s emotion classification as interpreted by Minderop—the research analyzes film scenes, dialogues, and character behavior to identify forms and impacts of social pressure. Findings reveal that Sofi endures intense pressure from family, community, and social environments, which triggers emotional struggles such as guilt, shame, and profound sadness. These psychological burdens contribute to her engagement in permissive dating, interpreted not as moral failure but as an escape from overwhelming social demands. The hijab in the film symbolizes more than religious devotion; it becomes a focal point of tension between spiritual values, societal judgment, and personal emotional needs. Ultimately, the study concludes that social pressure significantly shapes the decisions and self-perception of religious women like Sofi, influencing their moral and emotional navigation in modern society. The research underscores the need for greater empathy and awareness among communities, educators, and policymakers regarding the complex identity struggles of hijab-wearing women. By highlighting these psychological dynamics, the study contributes valuable insights to literary psychology and promotes a deeper understanding of gender, religion, and social conflict in contemporary cultural contexts.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FIGURATIVE MEANING IN THE DIALOGUES OF THE POPULAR FILM HOME SWEET LOAN
This study aims to analyze the construction of figurative meaning in the dialogues of the film Home Sweet Loan through a stylistic approach. The film serves not only as a medium of entertainment but also as a representation of social reality, particularly reflecting the struggles of the sandwich generation under financial and familial pressure. The research focuses on the use of figurative language by the main character Kaluna and other supporting characters to express emotional conflict and social criticism. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, using observation, note-taking, and source triangulation to ensure data validity. The data consisted of dialogues containing figurative language, classified based on Gorys Keraf’s theory, which includes form, meaning, and function. The findings reveal five dominant types of figurative language—irony, cynicism, simile, metaphor, and satire. Each form carries specific expressive, reflective, or social functions that collectively construct character development and portray the social reality of urban life. Irony and cynicism primarily function as tools of social critique, while metaphors and similes intensify emotional expression. These findings indicate that figurative language in Home Sweet Loan is not merely an aesthetic device but also a rhetorical and ideological instrument reinforcing the film’s moral and social message. This research contributes to the field of stylistics in audiovisual studies and provides insights into the interplay between language, ideology, and social representation in contemporary Indonesian cinema.
FRAGILITY IN HEGEMONIC MASCULINITY:A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIKAYAT RAJA DAMSYIK ANDWAWACAN AHMAD MUHAMMAD
This study is motivated by the importance of examining the narrative of the prince's adventures in ancient manuscripts not only as a representation of heroism, but also as a reflection of hegemonic and complex gender structures. The purpose of this study is to compare the construction and fragility of hegemonic masculinity in Hikayat Raja Damsyik (Malay) and Wawacan Ahmad Muhammad (Sundanese). The method used is qualitative with comparative study. Data in the form of edited philological text narratives of both works were collected through literature study with a hermeneutic approach, then analyzed using R.W. Connell's theory of masculinity and Susan Bassnett's comparative literature. The results show that in HRD, hegemonic masculinity is constructed through the symbolic legitimization of aristocratic status and spiritual relations, while in WAM it is formed through economic negotiation, emotional performance, and symbolic influence. The findings reveal the fragility of hegemonic masculinity, which is continuously negotiated through female resistance and the internal weaknesses of male characters. The theoretical implications of this research enrich the understanding of gender complexity in Nusantara literature, while the practical implications open up space for further study of gender ideology from a cultural and historical perspective. .
THE EFFECT OF TIKTOK MEDIA USE IN IMPROVING POETRY WRITING SKILLS IN THE DIGITAL ERA OF CLASS D STUDENTS OF SEMESTER VI CLASS OF 2022 INDONESIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE EDUCATION, TADULAKO UNIVERSITY
This study investigates the impact of TikTok media on improving skills in students involved in Indonesian language and literature education in the context of the digital era, with the aim of explaining the application's effectiveness as a learning medium in developing writing skills. This research uses a descriptive quantitative methodology, utilizing testing and observation techniques for data collection, followed by data reduction and analysis of individual scores through SPSS, based on pre- and post-test results. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test showed a significant improvement in poetry writing skills, with an average pre-test score of 68.30 and a post-test score increasing to 82.60, reflecting an increase of 14.30 points. In addition, a significance score of 0.000 < 0.05 confirms that TikTok media positively influences poetry writing skills among class D students of Indonesian Language and Literature Education, demonstrating its effectiveness as a learning tool in the digital era. In addition to improving writing skills, this media also motivates students to be more creative through audio elements. In Indonesian language learning, students are encouraged to improve their communication skills and develop an appreciation for a work of art. However, Indonesian language learning is often considered boring by students because the methods and media used do not attract students' attention and there are several generic obstacles, including: students and teachers. Meanwhile, in this study, students are expected to be able to apply the TikTok application as a learning medium.
EXPLORING STUDENTS’ PER CEPTION OF USING STORYBIRD ON ENGLISH WRITING SKILL
This qualitative study explores students’ perceptions of using Storybird to develop English writing skills among 18 intermediate-level students at SMA Negeri Binjai over a 10-week implementation period. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through structured questionnaires based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), as well as semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that students’ perceptions were predominantly positive, with 81.1% reporting favorable views of Storybird. Creativity stimulation (88.8%) and increased motivation (87.5%) emerged as the platform’s strongest attributes. Students appreciated the visual storytelling approach for generating ideas, organizing writings more effectively, and facilitating collaborative learning. Challenges identified included platform navigation and internet connectivity issues. The study confirms that Storybird effectively supports three basic psychological needs autonomy, competence, and relatedness—enhancing intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy in writing. These findings contribute to the literature on technology-enhanced language learning and provide empirical support for using digital storytelling platforms in teaching English as a foreign language (EFL).
ANALYSIS OF VIOLATIONS OF LANGUAGE POLITENESSON INSTAGRAM AS A PRAGMATIC DIGITAL TEACHING MATERIAL TO IMPROVE CRITICAL LITERACY
Abstract: This study aims to describe the forms of language politeness violations that appear in the Instagram comment column as pragmatic digital teaching materials to improve critical literacy. The background of this research departs from the phenomenon of public communication on social media which tends to be free and minimally controlled. Instagram, as the dominant social media among teenagers and young adults, is a representative space to examine polite and polite language practices in the digital realm. With a qualitative descriptive approach, data was obtained through documentation of comments on public posts on Instagram and analyzed using Leech's theory of politeness. The results of the analysis show that the dominant forms of offense include violations of the maxim of praise, sympathy, approval and discretion, as well as the context of use closely related to political topics. These findings provide an idea that even though it takes place in a free online space, the practice of politeness is still present and can be studied scientifically to enrich pragmatic understanding, as well as become a reference in the development of digital media-based language learning to improve critical literacy. Keywords: instagram; politeness; critical literacy; teaching materials; pragmatics
REPRESENTATION OF GOVERNMENT IDEOLOGY IN LAW ON SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIMINAL ACTS NUMBER 12 OF 2022: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS STUDY
Legal texts function not only as normative instruments but also as discursive products containing power relations and state ideology. Therefore, to critically understand the representation of government ideology in Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence (UU TPKS), a discourse study was conducted using Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK) approach. The analysis was conducted through three dimensions: text, discourse practices, and socio-cultural practices. This research employed a qualitative method with an ethnographic approach to legal texts. The data sources used consisted of primary data, namely Law Number 12 of 2022 concerning Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence, and secondary data sources in the form of literature related to the representation of ideology in discourse through Fairclough's critical discourse analysis. In the text dimension, M.A.K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics theory, particularly ideational metafunctions through transitivity systems, is used to examine the representation of actions, actors, and events in key articles of the TPKS Law. The analysis of discourse practices highlights the processes of production and consumption of legal texts, while socio-cultural practices are traced through the historical, political, and ideological contexts behind their formation. The results of the study indicate that: (1) the linguistic structure of the TPKS Law frames the state as the dominant protective actor, while women tend to be represented passively; (2) the discourse practices of this law demonstrate a tug-of-war between the progressive ideology of civil society and conservative pressures from state actors and religious groups; (3) the socio-cultural context of the TPKS Law is influenced by patriarchal culture, electoral political calculations, and global demands. This study emphasizes the importance of critical evaluation of legal language in public policy, particularly regarding issues of sexual violence and gender inequality.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING MODEL ASSISTED BY INSTAGRAM MEDIA TO IMPROVE POETRY WRITING SKILLS
The development of digital technology and social media has transformed the way young people learn, including in the context of literature education. Instagram, which is popular among students, has the potential to support the implementation of Project Based Learning (PjBL) to enhance poetry writing skills while fostering active student engagement. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing Instagram-assisted PjBL on junior high school students’ poetry writing skills using a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample consisted of 80 eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 5 Cimahi, divided into an experimental group that received Instagram-based PjBL learning and a control group that received conventional instruction. The research instrument was a poetry writing test that had been validated and tested for reliability, while data analysis was carried out using an independent sample t-test and effect size calculation. The results showed that the experimental group’s average posttest score (63.83) was higher than that of the control group (59.92), although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.187). The effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.298) indicated a small but positive influence. The use of Instagram was found to increase student participation, creativity, and self-confidence, and has the potential to serve as a literature learning medium relevant to the characteristics of Generation Z, although its implementation requires more structured and sustainable planning to achieve optimal results.
STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING COMPETENCIES IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS IN THE DESCRIPTIVE STRUCTURE OF THE SECTION
Students are required to have creative thinking competencies to face challenges in the 21st century. Creative thinking is an ability that plays an important role in the 21st century because it helps students find solutions with new innovations. In Indonesian, this creative thinking competency can be used to write descriptive texts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the creative thinking competencies used by ninth-grade students of SMP Batik PK Surakarta in writing descriptive texts that focus on the structure of the description section. A qualitative approach is used in this study. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method. Document techniques and close reading techniques are the data collection techniques for this study. Content analysis techniques are chosen as the data analysis technique for this study. The results of the study show that 18.18% of students have moderate creative thinking competencies and 81.82% of students have high creative thinking competencies. From these results, it can be stated that the average ninth-grade students of SMP Batik PK Surakarta have high creative thinking competencies. The results of this study provide theoretical implications for the study of writing skills and show that there is a role of creative thinking competencies in compiling students' descriptive texts. The results of this study can be beneficial to various parties, such as teachers, students and schools. This research opens up opportunities for further research to continue the relationship between creative thinking competencies and other text writing skills.