KONFIKS: Journal of research results in Languages, Literature and Teaching. Jurnal Konfiks is a peer-reviewed journal managed of Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakutas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar in collaboration with Perkumpulan Program Studi Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia (IKAPROBSI) with registered numbers e-ISSN 2746-1866 and p-ISSN 2355 -2638. Published four times a year, namely in March, June, September, and December. The scope of research results that can be published in the Jurnal Konfiks are: Indonesian language: Scientific language studies (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse analysis, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics), and language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing); Indonesian literature: Literary theory, literary history, literary criticism, comparative literature, adaptation studies (ekranasi), sociology of literature; Indonesian Language and Literature Education: Lesson planning, learning strategies, assessment and evaluation, curriculum development, teaching materials, and educational media. The Editorial Board provides a space for Researchers, Academics, and Practitioners to share knowledge by following the provisions in focus and scope, publication ethics, writing guidelines, review processes, and journal templates that must be followed by writers. With an online submission system, ensure that articles meet journal submission guidelines. For further information, please refer to the KONFIKS Journal's terms and conditions or contact us at konfiks@unismuh.ac.id
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AN ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN OFFICIAL LETTER WRITING AT THE KAMPUNG BARU VILLAGE OFFICE IN 2025
This study aims to identify and describe errors in official letter writing at the Kampung Baru Village Office in 2025 and analyze the various factors behind the occurrence of these errors. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The data source in this study is an archive of official letters sourced from 50 outgoing letters at the Kampung Baru Village Office in 2025. The data in this study are errors in outgoing letter writing at the Kampung Baru Village Office. All data were obtained through documentation and interview techniques, then analyzed referring to the theory of language errors in official letters. The results showed that there were 237 error data based on nine categories of letter writing. Language errors in the letter content were the most dominant finding with a frequency of 57 data. Other significant errors were found in the writing of letter numbers (36 data) and letter addresses (35 data). Specifically, errors in the letter content include errors in the use of capital letters, sentence structure, common abbreviations, writing rupiah nominals, writing colons (:), writing the suffix -nya, to the format for writing NIP and the name of the signatory that does not comply with the latest rules. The factors causing these errors include communication barriers in understanding instructions from higher-level agencies, overlapping workloads (multitasking), the lack of a specific guidebook for official scripts in the village office, and inaccuracy in the choice of diction. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the quality of correspondence at the Kampung Baru Village Office still requires significant improvement through the provision of applicable technical guidelines and the implementation of regular technical guidance training for village officials.
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STRENGTHENING AI-BASED CRITICAL LITERACY IN LITERATURE LEARNING UNDER THE MERDEKA CURRICULUM
Literature learning in the era of digital transformation requires the strengthening of students’ critical literacy so they can interpret, evaluate, and construct meaning reflectively, not merely understand texts literally. The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) offers opportunities to enrich literature learning, yet creates risks of dependence on instant answers when not pedagogically guided. This study examined the effectiveness of an AI-based literature learning model in improving students’ critical literacy and described their responses to AI integration under the Merdeka Curriculum. The study employed a quantitative approach with a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design. The population consisted of 360 eleventh-grade students at public senior high school in Kediri City, Indonesia. A total of 120 students were selected through purposive sampling and divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of 60 students. The instruments included a critical literacy test consisting of 20 essay questions, a student response questionnaire, and an observation sheet. The treatment was implemented over six weeks through 12 learning sessions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, independent sample t-test, gain score, and Cohen’s d. The results showed that the experimental group increased from 56.4 to 84.7, while the control group increased from 55.9 to 67.2. The independent sample t-test on gain scores indicated a significant difference, with t=12.47, p=0.000, and Cohen’s d=1.82. Student responses were positive, with 86.7% stating that AI supported critical thinking. These findings indicate that AI-based literature learning is effective and relevant for strengthening critical literacy in Merdeka Curriculum.
RHETORICAL STYLE OF USTADZ HANAN ATTAKI’S SERMON “THE FORGOTTEN SUNNAH” ON YOUTUBE @HANANATTAKI
This study aims to analyze the rhetorical style in the sermon “The Forgotten Sunnah” delivered by Ustadz Hanan Attaki, focusing on the forms and functions of language style in building persuasive communication in the context of digital da’wah. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through content analysis. The data consist of transcribed speech from a YouTube video and are analyzed through coding, classification, and interpretation stages. The results show that there are 50 data of language styles categorized into three main aspects. In terms of word choice, conversational style is the most dominant with 30 data, followed by informal style with 20 data, while formal style is not found. In terms of tone, there are 28 data of noble tone, 15 data of moderate tone, and 7 data combining both tones, while simple tone is absent. In sentence structure, parallelism dominates with 20 data, followed by antithesis with 15 data, repetition with 8 data, comparison with 3 data, metaphor with 1 data, and combination structures with 3 data. These findings indicate that the rhetorical style tends to be communicative, persuasive, and close to the audience, especially through conversational language and noble tone that build emotional engagement. In addition, the use of structures such as parallelism and antithesis strengthens clarity and emphasis of the message. Therefore, rhetorical style in this sermon functions not only as a communication tool but also as an effective strategy to influence audience understanding and attitudes in digital preaching contexts.
ANALISIS UNSUR INTRINSIK DALAM PUISI KARYA SISWA KELAS VII MTS BABUSALLAM BUYA
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unsur intrinsik dalam puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kenyataan bahwa pembelajaran menulis puisi di sekolah masih lebih berfokus pada hasil akhir dan pembacaan puisi, sedangkan analisis terhadap unsur pembangun puisi belum dilakukan secara mendalam. Padahal, pemahaman terhadap unsur intrinsik sangat penting untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa dalam mengolah ide, perasaan, dan pengalaman menjadi karya sastra yang bermakna. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian berupa 24 puisi karya siswa kelas VII MTS Babusallam Buya. Data dikumpulkan melalui teknik dokumentasi dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan semantik melalui langkah membaca intensif, mengidentifikasi, mengklasifikasikan, dan menafsirkan unsur intrinsik puisi. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui validitas semantik, intrarater, dan interrater. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa telah mampu mengekspresikan gagasan dan perasaan melalui puisi dengan tema-tema yang dekat dengan kehidupan mereka, seperti cita-cita, kasih sayang kepada orang tua, persahabatan, alam, religiusitas, dan rasa terima kasih kepada guru. Diksi yang digunakan umumnya masih sederhana, tetapi pada beberapa puisi mulai tampak kecenderungan penggunaan bahasa yang puitis. Gaya bahasa yang dominan ialah personifikasi, metafora, dan hiperbola. Rima dan irama belum terbentuk secara konsisten, tipografi masih bersifat konvensional, dan amanat puisi cenderung disampaikan secara eksplisit serta sarat nilai moral. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menulis puisi siswa masih berada pada tahap dasar, terutama pada aspek estetika dan musikalitas. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran menulis puisi perlu diarahkan pada penguatan diksi, variasi majas, rima, irama, dan tipografi agar kreativitas dan kepekaan estetik siswa berkembang secara optimal.
MARGINALIZATION OF WOMEN IN INDRA TRANGGONO'S SHORT STORIES: A STUDY OF FEMINIST LITERARY CRITICISM
This study aims to explain the forms, causal factors, and resistance to the marginalization of women in short stories by Indra Tranggono (Rain Women, Liang, Above Tanah Crack, Women Bulan Perak, and Sonya Rury) using a qualitative descriptive method with a feminist literary criticism approach, data were collected through reading and note-taking techniques and analyzed through data reduction, presentation, and drawing conclusions. The novelty of this study lies in the focus of its study which reveals how state repression (state-sponsored patriarchy) is symbiotic with domestic patriarchal power in contemporary literature, an area rarely explored simultaneously in previous feminist literary research. The results of the study show: (1) Marginalization predominantly occurs in control over reproduction and sexuality, confirming that women's bodies are reduced to objects of offspring and commodity satisfaction. (2) In contrast to previous research that focuses on the domestic realm, the dominant causal factors in Tranggono's short stories are five intersectional pillars: family, society, state, economy, and ideology, with the dominance of state apparatuses that abuse power and are paternalistic. (3) The response of the female characters is not only to survive, but also to actively resist (vigilantism, cultural, and symbolic). Analytically, these short stories represent how patriarchy does not work alone, but through power relations institutionalized by the state to control gender agencies. This research makes an important contribution to enriching the study of literary feminism by offering a model of intersectional reading between literary criticism and state criticism (state feminism criticism), showing that literature is not merely a mirror of oppression, but a space for political negotiation of gender ideology.
CHARACTER EDUCATION IN FAIRY TALES ON THE INDONESIAN FAIRY TALES YOUTUBE CHANNEL AS A MEDIUM TO COMBAT CHILDREN'S EGOCENTRISM
Egocentrism is a condition in which a child is too focused on themselves, causing them to feel most important and to neglect others. This study aims to describe the character education values in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong on the Indonesian Fairy Tales YouTube channel, and to explain the character education values in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong as a medium to combat egocentrism in children. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The data collection technique used in this study is observation and note-taking. The data analysis uses an interactive model according to Miles and Huberman, which consists of the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the character education values contained in the fairy tales Gadis yang Pemalas and Pohon yang Sombong are tolerance, discipline, hard work, creativity, democracy, appreciation of achievement, friendliness/communicativeness, love of peace, environmental care, social care, and responsibility. The democratic value can be used to combat the attitude of prioritizing oneself. The friendly/communicative value can be used to combat the attitude of being unwilling to cooperate. The social care value can be used to combat the attitude of expecting to be served by others. The value of tolerance can be used to combat the attitude of not considering others.
ANALYSIS ETHICS AND INTEGRITY SHORT MESSAGE: CASE STUDY OF STUDENTS AT BANGKA BELITUNG UNIVERSITY
The use of WhatsApp messaging can lead to violations of language ethics and a lack of awareness of the values of good and responsible communication. To establish effective communication, students must understand and apply ethics and integrity when sending text messages, especially among students at Bangka Belitung University. This study aims to describe and analyze ethics and integrity in communication, especially among students. This study also uses a qualitative approach with a case study method of Bangka Belitung University students. The research method is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach. The main data source in this study was 40 randomly selected students from the class of 2023. Meanwhile, the analysis technique was carried out using data triangulation, namely using various data sources such as observations, questionnaires, case studies, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to strengthen the findings. The results show that communication ethics in text messages include choosing the right time, using opening and closing greetings, conveying one's identity, and using formal, concise, clear language that conforms to the Enhanced Spelling System (EYD). Applying these principles, including rereading messages before sending, can help students build polite, effective, and professional communication with lecturers. The conclusion of this study is that the application of ethics and integrity in communication can contribute to the creation of a more harmonious and professional academic environment not only for students but also for various other interests.
ENHANCING COMMUNITY LITERACY THROUGH CONTEXTUAL INDONESIAN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of context-based Indonesian language learning in improving the literacy skills of the Kokoda community in Papua. The study is motivated by the low literacy levels influenced by the dominance of local languages, limited access to education, and the lack of learning approaches relevant to daily life contexts. This research employed a descriptive quantitative method combined with a community-based participatory approach (Community-Based Learning). The research design used a one-group pre-test–post-test model involving 45 participants from various age groups. Data were collected through literacy tests, observations, reflective interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that the initial literacy level of participants was categorized as low, with a mean score of 48.0. After the intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with the mean score increasing to 72.7. This improvement is supported by the paired sample t-test result (t = 12.45; p < 0.05), indicating statistical significance. In addition, participant engagement during the learning process was high, suggesting that the context-based approach effectively enhances motivation and participation. Therefore, context-based Indonesian language learning is proven to be effective in improving literacy skills and can be recommended as a strategic approach for literacy eradication and sustainable literacy development in local communities.
SYNTACTIC ERROR ANALYSIS IN INDONESIA LANGUAGE DESCRIPTIVE ESSAYS OF SEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMP NEGERI 1 SINDUE TOBATA
This study aims to describe the types of syntactic errors found in the descriptive essays of seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Sindue Tobata. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with students’ written works as the data source. The findings show that students’ ability to apply Indonesian syntactic structures still needs improvement. The most frequent errors include phrase structure errors, such as the use of nonstandard phrases, ineffective phrases, and phrases that do not align with their syntactic functions. In addition, sentence structure errors were also identified, including run-on sentences, incomplete sentences, and disorganized sentence elements that obscure meaning. Spelling errors, particularly in the use of capital letters and punctuation marks, further reduced the clarity of students’ writing. These findings indicate that students tend to write using patterns of spoken language, resulting in poorly structured written language. The contributing factors to these errors include limited understanding of phrase concepts and effective sentences, a lack of structured writing practice, and insufficient habituation in applying the rules of Indonesian orthography (PUEBI). Therefore, a more systematic instructional approach is needed to enhance students’ syntactic skills in writing descriptive essays.
SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN THE TRADITIONAL RITUAL OF "PURUNG TA LIANG MARAPU" IN THE COMMUNITY OF CENTRAL SUMBA REGENCY
The Purung Ta Liang Marapu ritual represents a sacred cultural practice of the Central Sumba community, employing a specialized form of language as a medium of transcendental communication with ancestral entities (Marapu). However, the meanings and functions of this ritual language remain largely inaccessible to the general community and are primarily confined to traditional authorities (Ratu). This study aims to analyze the use of language in the ritual and to identify its social, cultural, and religious-magical functions from a sociolinguistic perspective. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive sociolinguistic method. Data were collected through participant observation, in-depth interviews with Ratu and traditional elders, and audio-visual documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that ritual language constitutes a sacred register characterized by archaic diction, parallelism, and formulaic expressions. Sociolinguistically, it functions as a mechanism of social legitimacy, a tool for social cohesion, and a medium for transmitting cultural values and Marapu beliefs. Additionally, ritual language exhibits performative properties that contribute to maintaining the balance between humans, ancestors, and the natural world. The limited public understanding is attributed to the exclusivity of oral transmission. Therefore, systematic linguistic documentation is essential to preserve cultural continuity and to bridge intergenerational knowledge gaps in the context of modernization.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACTS IN RESPONSES TO “TOT TOT WUK WUK” SIRENS
This study examines the use of language on social media as a means of expressing attitudes, emotions, and public evaluations of social phenomena. The focus of the research is on expressive speech acts found in the comment section of a Metro TV YouTube video titled “Fitra Eri Tanggapi Kendaraan Berstrobo Tot Tot Wuk Wuk.” The aim of this study is to describe the forms of expressive speech acts used by users in responding to the content. This research employs a qualitative approach with a content analysis method. The data consist of written utterances in the YouTube comment section that contain expressive speech acts. Data were collected through documentation techniques, including reading, recording, and identifying relevant comments. The data analysis was conducted by classifying the utterances based on types of expressive speech acts and interpreting their meanings within the context of digital communication. The results show that there are 50 instances of expressive speech acts, consisting of criticism (21 data), praise (17 data), expressions of gratitude (5 data), expressions of anger (4 data), condemnation (2 data), and congratulations (1 data). Meanwhile, forms such as apologizing and expressing condolences were not found. The dominance of critical expressions indicates that social media comment sections are often used as spaces to convey public evaluations of social issues.In conclusion, social media functions as a public communication space that enables individuals to express psychological attitudes, experiences, and perspectives on emerging social issues through various forms of expressive speech acts.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA MODEL TO ENHANCE LITERACY SKILLS AND MORAL CHARACTER OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This study aims to develop and examine the effectiveness of the TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA instructional model in improving literacy skills and moral character (akhlakul karimah) of primary school students. The study was motivated by the low level of students’ literacy and the need to strengthen character development as reflected in daily behavior. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model, which consists of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research participants were 14 sixth-grade students of SDN Wirogomo 02, consisting of 6 male students and 8 female students, aged 11–12 years old. The study also involved teachers, peer tutors, school stakeholders, and expert validators. The research instruments included expert validation questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, literacy tests in the form of pretest and posttest, and observation sheets for assessing moral character. The results indicate that the model achieved a high level of validity with an average score of 91%, practicality of 88% in the practical category, and significant effectiveness in improving students’ literacy skills, as evidenced by an increase in scores from 58.2 to 81.6 (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the model was also effective in enhancing students’ moral character, with an average score of 87% in the good category. These findings suggest that the TUTOR SABIT MEMBACA model is an innovative instructional approach that integrates literacy and character education holistically through peer tutoring, reading habituation, moral reflection, and behavioral practice. Therefore, this model is recommended as an alternative strategy for improving the quality of primary education, particularly in strengthening literacy culture and character development.
FEASIBILITY OF PICTURE STORYBOOK FOR READING COMPREHENSION IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Despite growing recognition of the importance of contextual literacy media, there remains a significant gap in the availability of culturally grounded picture storybooks tailored to students in newly developed regions such as the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) area. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the picture storybook “Langkah Kecil Eka di Ibu Kota Nusantara” as a learning medium to improve reading comprehension skills among fourth-grade elementary school students. A qualitative descriptive method was employed. Data were collected through passive participatory observation, in-depth interviews with nine participants (two fourth-grade teachers, one school principal, and six fourth-grade students), and documentation at SD Negeri 006 Sepaku, Sepaku District, North Penajam Paser Regency. Analysis was conducted systematically on four components content/material, language, illustration, and curriculum alignment using the interactive analysis model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldaña (2014), with data validity ensured through source and technical triangulation. The findings indicate that the book demonstrates high alignment with the Indonesian Language Learning Achievement for Phase B in the Merdeka Curriculum, incorporates contextual local wisdom values of IKN, and presents illustrations that support students’ inferential comprehension. This study contributes an evidence-based feasibility analysis of a locally situated literacy medium, offering a replicable framework for developing culturally responsive reading materials in under-resourced and newly established educational contexts across Indonesia.
ENHANCING PRE-SERVICE SPECIAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION TO HEARING-IMPAIRED ELEMENTARY STUDENTS THROUGH FOTONOVELA MEDIA
Reading comprehension is a fundamental literacy skill that is essential for deaf or hard-of-hearing students to access academic information and participate in social life. However, limited auditory input and language development challenges often create barriers to understanding written texts. This study aimed to enhance the pedagogical competence of pre-service special education teachers in teaching reading comprehension to hearing-impaired students through the use of fotonovela media. The study employed a quasi-experimental design using a pretest–posttest non-equivalent control group approach and was conducted at SLB Pangudi Luhur and SLB Santi Rama as authentic learning contexts. The participants were pre-service special education teachers divided into experimental and control groups. The intervention involved training and teaching practice using fotonovela media integrating visual supports, the Indonesian Sign System (SIBI), and principles of the Maternal Reflective Method (MMR). Pretest results indicated that the initial competence levels of both groups were relatively equivalent, while posttest results showed a significant improvement in the experimental group. The use of fotonovela media significantly improved the pedagogical competence of pre-service teachers, particularly in instructional planning, visual strategies, language and communication support, adaptive teaching practices, and student engagement. The improvement in teacher competence contributed to the development of students’ reading comprehension skills, including vocabulary understanding, identifying main ideas, sequencing events, recognizing story elements, answering questions, making simple inferences, and summarizing texts. These findings indicate that fotonovela media is an innovative and sustainable approach to strengthening teachers’ pedagogical competence while supporting literacy development among deaf students.
THE EXISTENCE OF THE FEMALE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL NYI SADIKEM: SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR'S EXISTENTIALIST FEMINISM
The novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad presents the complexity of the female main character's life journey, which cannot be separated from how she is defined by patriarchal society. Using Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist approach, this study examines the forms of objectification and subjectivity of women as depicted in the novel Nyi Sadikem. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method in which the researcher serves as the key instrument. The data source is the novel Nyi Sadikem by Artie Ahmad, published by Marjin Kiri. Data were collected through careful reading and note-taking. The collected data consisted of dialogues and narrative passages. The research procedure included recording data, identifying and analyzing the findings based on Simone de Beauvoir's existentialist feminist theory, and drawing conclusions. The results show various forms of objectification experienced by the female main character, including her positioning as the Other, discrimination, and gender stereotyping. The study also identifies the subjectivity of the female protagonist as a form of resistance against her objectification, manifested through her rejection of the position as the Other, her intellectual capacity, and her engagement in work.
PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF ARABIC EXPRESSIONS IN STUDENT INTERACTION AT UIN WALISONGO SEMARANG: A SOCIOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
This study examines the pragmatic functions of Arabic expressions in the oral conversations of students at UIN Walisongo Semarang within the context of religious-academic interaction. Prior research has largely emphasized code-switching classifications and social factors, while the dimensions of illocution, discourse management, and relational distribution remain underanalyzed in an integrated manner, particularly in naturalistic student interaction within Indonesian Islamic higher education (PTKIN). This study aims to identify the forms and contexts of Arabic expression use, analyze their functions as speech act realizations, discourse markers, and sociopragmatic markers, and explain their distribution across peer and hierarchical relationships. A qualitative sociopragmatic approach is employed, integrating Searle's speech act theory, Leech's politeness principles, Hymes' ethnography of communication, and Schiffrin's discourse marker framework. Data were collected through two months of natural conversation recordings involving 20 participants from multiple faculties, yielding 24 functionally classified types of Arabic expressions as units of analysis. The findings indicate that Arabic expressions function as multidimensional pragmatic resources realizing expressive, directive, assertive, and commissive speech acts, while simultaneously managing discourse structure and indexing deference in hierarchical relationships. The study concludes that Arabic expressions are undergoing indexical stabilization within the student speech community: rather than functioning merely as religious identity markers, they constitute a multifunctional pragmatic infrastructure that organizes discourse, manages social relations, and constructs normatively grounded commitments within a shared religious-academic environment. These findings carry implications for sociopragmatic theory and language education in PTKIN institutions.
RECONSTRUCTION OF MALAY TEACHING VALUES IN FOLKLORE OF RIAU PROVINCE BASED ON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY
This study aims to describe the Malay cultural values found in folk tales analyzed based on the concept of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu according to Tenas Effendy. The focus of the study includes religious values, hard work, responsibility, compassion, independence, self-awareness, generosity, sincerity, and gratitude. The method used is descriptive qualitative with content analysis techniques. The data consists of narrative quotations and character dialogues that contain Malay moral and cultural teachings, which are then analyzed by relating them to the principles of Tunjuk Ajar Melayu. The results of the study show that the characters in the stories display attitudes that are in line with the noble values of Malay society, such as working hard to earn a living, teaching selflessly, being responsible for the family, loving others, being generous, and being grateful for God's blessings. These values not only serve as guidelines for individual behavior, but also as the foundation for the formation of a civilized, religious, and noble society.
LANGUAGE VARIATION IN FREE FIRE ONLINE GAME COMMUNICATION IN SARUDU DISTRICT: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY
This study examines language variation in the communication of Free Fire online game players in Sarudu District, Pasangkayu Regency, from a sociolinguistic perspective. It aims to describe the forms of language variation used by players and to explain their social functions in gameplay interaction. This study employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. The data consisted of oral utterances produced by Free Fire players, collected through observation, non-participant listening, note-taking, and recording techniques. The data were analyzed through transcription, identification, classification, and interpretation based on the types of language variation and their contexts of use. The findings reveal three dominant forms of language variation: dialect, sociolect, and slang. Dialectal variation appears in the use of local linguistic forms such as miki, manako, and waitmi dulu, which indicate regional identity and social closeness among players. Sociolectal variation is reflected in game-specific terms such as revive, headshot, knock, push, and cover, which function to support rapid strategic coordination during gameplay. Meanwhile, slang variation appears in informal expressions such as bot, anjay, bum, and ko mampus, which are used to express emotions, mock opponents, and build familiarity among players. The study also finds code-mixing between local language, Indonesian, and English gaming terms. These findings indicate that communication in Free Fire is not merely a technical tool for gameplay but also a sociolinguistic practice that represents local identity, group solidarity, and language adaptation in digital culture.
REPRESENTATION OF GENDER INJUSTICE IN THE NOVEL BROKEN STRINGS BY AURELIE MOEREMANS A STUDY OF LITERARY FEMINISM
Gender inequality is formed through a process of social construction that develops within a patriarchal system and is manifested in various manifestations of unequal relations between men and women. The literary work Broken Strings illustrates this reality through the narratives of its female characters. This study aims to analyze the various manifestations of gender inequality experienced by the female characters in the novel, adopting the theoretical framework of feminism developed by Mansour Fakih. This study uses a descriptive, analytical, qualitative approach as its primary methodology. Primary data were obtained from the entire text of the novel Broken Strings, and data collection was conducted using library research methods. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of identification, categorization, and interpretation of quotations, indicating the presence of gender inequality, in line with Mansour Fakih's conceptual framework, which includes five aspects: marginalization, subordination, stereotypes, violence, and double workload. The research findings reveal that the female characters in the novel experience marginalization in access to social and economic resources, subordination in family decision-making, and stereotypes that hinder their freedom and identity formation. This study also identifies forms of symbolic and psychological violence that function as instruments of patriarchal control. The phenomenon of the double burden of work is clearly visible in the pressure of domestic responsibilities that remain attached to women, along with social obligations, without a fair and equal division of roles. The results of this study confirm that the novel Broken Strings presents a critique of patriarchal structures through depictions of unequal power relations and the transformation of consciousness and resistance the female characters undergo against the various forms of oppression they experience.
FIRST LANGUAGE ACQUISITION OF THE DIGITAL GENERATION
This study aims to analyze the process of first language acquisition in children of the digital generation through a comprehensive psycholinguistic approach. The method used is qualitative descriptive, with data collected through in-depth interview techniques, systematic listening observation, recording of interactions, and detailed note-taking of a four-year-old child as the research subject. The focus of the analysis is directed at the forms of language acquisition as well as the categories of word classes used by the subject in the context of daily interactions. The research results reveal that the child’s first language acquisition involves two languages, namely Indonesian and English, demonstrating characteristics of early bilingualism developing simultaneously. The vocabulary acquired includes various categories of word classes, such as verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals, reflecting the variety and complexity of the language mastered by the child. Intensive exposure to the digital environment, such as the use of interactive digital media and bilingual content, is suspected to play a significant role in fostering the development of bilingual abilities in children from an early age. These findings illustrate that interaction with digital media and bilingual content not only enriches the child’s vocabulary but also accelerates the process of first language acquisition within an increasingly complex and dynamic social context. This study also emphasizes the importance of psycholinguistic studies in understanding the dynamics of language acquisition among generations growing up in the digital era, as well as its implications for the development of adaptive language learning strategies that meet the needs of today’s children. Thus, this study makes a significant contribution to understanding how the digital environment influences first language development and bilingualism in preschool-aged children.
MEDIA NARRATIVES AND GENDER REPRESENTATION IN THE COVERAGE OF INARA RUSLI IN INDONESIAN ONLINE MEDIA USING THE SARA MILLS APPROACH
News coverage regarding Inara Rusli’s nikah siri in Indonesian online media has generated public debate that is not only related to legal and moral aspects, but also touches on the issue of gender representation in media narratives. The media plays an active role in shaping meanings about women through the way events are constructed, the parties given space to speak, and the perspectives prioritized. This study aims to examine how Indonesian online media represent Inara Rusli in reporting on nikah siri and how gender power relations are built through news texts. The approach used is Sara Mills’ critical discourse analysis with a descriptive qualitative method. The research data consist of news texts from CNN Indonesia, Kapanlagi.com, Inilah.com, and Suaramerdeka.com published in January 2026 and discussing claims of nikah siri involving Inara Rusli and Insanul Fahmi. The results show that the media dominantly positions women as objects of discourse who must prove claims and be accountable for their personal relationships in the public sphere. Meanwhile, men and legal counsel are more often placed as subjects who have narrative authority and legal legitimacy. This narrative pattern shows the media’s tendency to reproduce patriarchal values through emphasis on aspects of proof, morality, and legality directed at women. The analysis also finds that the reader’s perspective is directed to doubt women’s narratives, while women’s voices are often mediated or marginalized. The conclusion of this study emphasizes that reporting on Inara Rusli’s nikah siri in Indonesian online media still shows inequality in gender representation and has not fully applied the principles of gender-sensitive journalism.
LANGUAGE VARIATION IN THE LINGUISTIC LANDSCAPE OF THE CHINATOWN AREA IN MAGELANG CITY
Linguistic landscape research examines written language in public spaces as a reflection of societal linguistic practices across various forms of public signage. Theoretically, the linguistic landscape has two main functions: informative and symbolic. However, in practice, language use in the observed Chinatown area of Magelang tends to emphasize the informative function. This gap between theoretical concepts and actual practice motivated the present study, which was conducted in the Chinatown area of Magelang City. This study aims to identify and describe forms of language variation and the functions of the linguistic landscape in the area. This research employs a qualitative, descriptive research design. The data sources consist of visual texts found in public spaces, including signboards, banners, advertisements, and road signs. Data were collected through observation and documentation techniques. Data analysis was conducted using the equivalence method with the determinant element sorting technique Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP), comprising the following stages: data collection, classification by language variation type, analysis of linguistic elements, and conclusion drawing. The results show the presence of monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual language variations, with monolingual language use being the most dominant. The language functions identified include informative and symbolic functions, with the informative functions being the most dominant. These findings indicate that the linguistic landscape in the Chinatown area of Magelang City is more oriented towards conveying information in public spaces.
CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC DYNAMICS IN FRANCE AS A REPRESENTATION OF SECULAR STATES IN EUROPE: BETWEEN CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
This study explored the dynamics of contemporary Islam in France as a representation of secular European countries through critical discourse analysis to examine the interaction between Islamic religious identity and the principles of secularism (laïcité). It is based on socio-cultural and political literature that highlights the increasing tension between the religious values of Muslims and the demands of citizenship in modern secular societies. Although numerous studies on secularism have been conducted, few have highlighted how Muslims in France experience and negotiate their religious identity under the pressure of state neutrality. This study aimed to analyze Muslim religious practices in the French secular context, identify the main challenges they face, and explore adaptation strategies to maintain religious identity while adjusting to secular values. Data was collected from international news reports discussing the banning of long clothing in schools, employment discrimination, and increasing anti-Muslim actions. The results demonstrated that public discourse in France frames Islam as a ‘potential threat’ to secularism, thereby legitimizing the state's restrictive policies and symbolic exclusion. However, Muslim communities continue to evidence resistance through selective adaptation and the preservation of religious practices in the private sphere. These findings enrich our understanding of the relationship between religion and politics in Europe and offer critical insights into cultural pluralism amid rising nationalism and rigid secularism.
FUNCTIONAL TEXT-BASED LEARNING FOR COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE: A QUALITATIVE CASE STUDY OF INVITATION AND GREETING CARD TASKS
The Merdeka Curriculum promotes authentic and communicative approaches in English language teaching. However, empirical research examining how functional text tasks are pedagogically enacted in junior secondary EFL classrooms remains limited, particularly from a qualitative, process-oriented perspective. This study analyzes the implementation of invitation and greeting card tasks and explores how these practices were associated with the construction of learning quality in the classroom. An instrumental qualitative case study design was employed, with data collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and analysis of instructional documents and student artifacts over an eight-week instructional unit. The findings indicate that authentically framed and contextually grounded functional text tasks were associated with sustained student engagement, emerging pragmatic awareness, and peer-mediated interaction. Learning quality in this case was not attributed to task type alone; rather, it was found to be constructed through the interplay of task design, pedagogical mediation, and classroom social dynamics. The study contributes a process-oriented account of how communicative competence was mediated through functional text pedagogy at the junior secondary level. Practically, the findings offer insights into authentic task design and scaffolding strategies within the Merdeka Curriculum framework.
DEATH AS CULTURAL TEXT: HERMENEUTICS OF TORAJA LANGUAGE AND CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY
Death in Toraja society is not only understood as a biological event, but as a cultural experience that is expressed and interpreted through language. This article aims to examine the Toraja language about death as a cultural text by using a language hermeneutic approach combined with a contextual theological perspective. This research uses a qualitative-interpretive method through literature study and analysis of cultural texts on terms, expressions, and narratives of death in the Toraja language. The results of the study show that the Toraja language (especially in Aluk To Dolo) interprets death as a gradual process, maintaining the deceased as a social subject that remains related to the community, and framing death through the metaphor of a journey rich in symbolic meaning. Hermeneutic readings show that the Toraja language of death forms a relational, communal, and dynamic understanding. The contextual theological implications of this study confirm that cultural language can be a space for reflection on faith that is grounded and dialogical. Thus, this article contributes to the study of language and literature, especially in understanding the narrative of death as a cultural text, as well as enriching the development of contextual theology in Indonesia.
FLIPBOOK MEDIA ANALYSIS TO INCREASE READING INTEREST AND ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT AT SD NEGERI 8 SIMPANG KEURAMAT, NORTH ACEH REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the use of Flipbook media in increasing reading interest and Indonesian language learning achievement of grade IV students at SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat, North Aceh Regency. The background of this research departs from the low level of literacy and student learning outcomes in the area, which requires interactive and interesting learning media innovation. The focus of the research is to identify the relationship between the interactive characteristics of Flipbooks and the increase in reading interest and its impact on students' academic achievement. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The place of research is SD Negeri 8 Simpang Keuramat, North Aceh Regency. The research subjects consisted of 1V class teachers as implementers, observer teachers, peers and 25 1V class students. Research data was obtained through interviews, observation sheets, documentation, and analysis of learning outcomes. The main instrument in this study is the researcher himself with interview guides, observation sheets and documentation. The validity of the data is tested through observation diligence, triangulation (source triangulation, technique triangulation, time triangulation), member check, trail audit. The data analysis in this study uses the help of Nvivo 15 software which is useful for helping the coding process and data visualization The results show that the use of Flipbook media is able to increase students' enthusiasm in reading, improve material comprehension, and have a positive impact on learning achievement in Indonesian. Flipbooks, with their visual design and interactive features, manage to create a more enjoyable learning experience, increase student engagement, and optimize the learning process. This study recommends the use of Flipbooks as an alternative learning media in elementary schools, especially in areas with limited conventional learning resources.
THE FORM AND MEANING OF IDIOMS IN ONLINE NEWS OPINION COLUMNS OF NARASI TV
This study is motivated by the use of idioms in TV Narrative opinions, which causes its own problems because not all readers have the same understanding of the idioms used. The author uses idioms in opinions as a form of expression to convey his opinion. Idioms are also used to shorten the text so that it is more concise and straightforward. This study aims to define two forms of idioms, namely idioms based on their level of connection and their constituent elements, as well as to explain their meanings so that they can be understood by readers. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection using the observation and note-taking methods. Then, the analysis technique applies the method from Miles and Huberman. The data sources used for this study are based on 16 online opinion articles from Narasi TV. The results show that out of 16 opinion articles, 14 articles contain idiomatic expressions with a total of 22 expressions. Of the 22 idioms found, based on their level of attachment, there were 6 full idioms and 16 partial idioms. Meanwhile, based on their constituent elements, there were 6 body name idioms, 1 color idiom, 2 animal name idioms, and 13 word class idioms. The findings show that idioms and word class idioms are widely used in Narasi TV opinion articles. This indicates that Narasi TV opinion writers want to convey criticism and messages using language that is interesting but still understandable to readers. This research can contribute to the study of idiom semantics in the realm of online news opinion media, which is currently still limited.
ANALYSIS OF THE NOVELS ENTROK AND PASUNG JIWA THROUGH THE LENS OF LIBERAL FEMINISM BY OKKY MADASARI
This study conducts a comparative analysis of Okky Madasari’s novels Entrok and Pasung Jiwa through the perspective of Liberal Feminism. Entrok portrays the social reality of rural Javanese communities during the New Order era, where women are trapped within the chains of tradition, poverty, and cultural myths. Meanwhile, Pasung Jiwa presents contemporary urban dynamics through the characters Sasana and Cak Jek, who attempt to challenge the boundaries of identity, sexuality, and individual freedom. This research employs a qualitative, library-based approach. The primary data sources consist of Madasari’s Entrok and Pasung Jiwa, supported by additional materials gathered from scholarly literature, including relevant journal articles and theoretical studies. The analysis is carried out through close reading and theoretical interpretation, focusing on the manifestation of personal rights, individual rationality, and the pursuit of freedom as core values of liberal feminism. The findings reveal that Okky Madasari consistently highlights the tension between oppressive social structures and individual aspirations for self-determination. This study offers a theoretical contribution by shifting the analytical focus from collective resistance to a rearticulation of personal autonomy within contemporary Indonesian literature.
MANIFESTATION OF IRIS YOUNGS OPPRESSION IN THE NOVEL PEREMPUAN YANG MENANGIS KEPADA BULAN HITAM BY DIAN PURNOMO
Research on oppression against women in novels is motivated by the complex representation of injustice and oppression against women in literary works as a reflection of patriarchal society. The purpose of this study is to analyze the manifestations of oppression in Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan yang Menangis kepada Bulan Hitam using Iris Young's theory of oppression. This is a qualitative study with descriptive methods. This study takes a literary feminist approach, drawing on Iris Young's five faces of oppression theory, which includes cultural imperialism, marginalization, powerlessness, exploitation, and violence. The main data for this study comes from Dian Purnomo's novel, Perempuan Yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam. This study uses data that includes excerpts of sentences, monologues, dialogues, and paragraphs that contain practices of oppression against female characters. Data collection in this study was carried out using observation and recording, while data analysis was carried out using content analysis. The findings in this study confirm that Dian Purnomo's novel Perempuan Yang Menangis Kepada Bulan Hitam manifests the reality of women's lives trapped under an oppressive patriarchal structure and reveals criticism of gender inequality in society. These forms of oppression are interrelated and manifested through cultural imperialism in the form of Yappa Maniwe culture, which then leads to the marginalization of women in social environments, the powerlessness of women in decision-making, sexual exploitation, and physical and mental violence.
INTRAPSYCHIC CONFLICT OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL SEBELAS BY TERE LIYE: A STUDY OF LITERARY PSYCHOLOGY
This study examines the intrapsychic conflict of the main character in Tere Liye's novel Sebelas through a literary psychology approach with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The background of the study departs from the phenomenon of human inner struggle reflected in literary works as a reflection of the complexity of personality. The purpose of this study is to uncover the forms and causes of intrapsychic conflict experienced by the character Paul, as well as to explain the self-defense mechanisms in dealing with inner stress and the healing process. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with primary data sources in the form of the novel text and secondary sources from psychoanalytic theory literature and relevant research. The results show that Paul's inner conflict is triggered by past trauma, guilt, and conflicting moral values between instinctive urges (id) and moral demands (superego), which cause psychological tension. The self-defense mechanisms that emerge include repression, rationalization, projection, aggression, and sublimation, which play a role in the character's emotional healing process. The findings of this study confirm that intrapsychic conflict not only describes psychological suffering but also a therapeutic process towards self-acceptance and emotional maturity, thus enriching the study of modern literary psychology in Indonesia.