EXPLORING ILLOCUTIONARY ACT OF OPRAH WINFREY AND J.K. ROWLING IN OPRAH WINFREY SHOW

,

meaning that is not clear. This problem can make misunderstanding in communication. Hence, the utterances must be interpreted based on clear meaning.
To make problems solving, this utterance can be analyzed through discourse analysis which has many kinds of issues. McCarthy (1991, p. 6) emphasized that discourse analysis is a combined language and context research. Gee (2011, p. 9) also defined discourse analysis as "the study of language in use, the study of language at use in the world, not just to say things, but to do things". Discourse analysis is important to analyze languages in many contexts. Context is background information that is supposed to be shared by both the speaker and the listener, and it aids the listener's perception of what the speaker means by a particular statement.
Issues in discourse analysis that will be discussed in this paper are speech acts, especially illocutionary acts. The genuine activities that are executed by the utterance when saying equals doing, such as wagering, belief, dare, warning, and so on, are the subject of this discussion. The performance of an action in accomplishing anything is also known as an illocutionary act. Joan Cutting (2002) Illocutionary act is the function of the word, the specific aim that speakers have in mind, according to the author. Furthermore, the act of doing anything is referred to as an illocutionary act. As long as speech is correctly considered, it is not only employed for informing but also for doing something. The five types of illocutionary act, according to Searle (1969), are representative, directing, commissive, expressive, and declarative.
Discourse analysis especially in illocutionary acts can be done in many contexts. Martin (2001, p. 35) noted that the purpose of discourse analysis is to create a model that places text in their social settings and examines all of the resources that both integrate and position them. The social context here can be seen in classroom interaction, novels, movies, social media, and talk shows. From the context, it can be interpreted many utterances. The purpose of this paper is to examine illocutionary acts on a talk program. The speakers here are Oprah Winfrey serves as the interviewer, and J.K. Rowling serves as the interviewee. The conversation between Winfrey and Rowling will be transcribed. From the conversation, it is many different utterances based on those five classifications will be found.

SPEECH ACT
Producing utterances entails more than merely making assertions or saying anything without meaning. According to Birner (2013), saying something means doing something. People can take action by expressing something. According to Schriffin (1994: 49), language is utilized to perform activities. The speakers are not required to physically do the action. The words spoken would be sufficient to take action. To restrict his employee from working in the office, a manager, for example, does not need to close all of the doors. To get an employee to leave, the supervisor can simply declare "you're fired." The employee will understand that he is no longer an employee of the office where he previously worked as a result of this statement.
As a result, he will not return to the office to work as he did previously. Speech acts are actions that are carried out using utterances. The action is the speaking of the relevant words; without the utterance, the action is not completed. The process of It is possible for utterances to be interpreted through the act of doing something. In this situation, the act of doing something has a relationship with the act of speaking, and every meaning of utterances can be evaluated. Austin (1962) Speech acts, according to this definition, are actions performed by created utterances. In line with this, Yule (1996: 47) declared that speech acts are actions that are performed via utterances. Austin (1962) stated that the purpose of utterances in sentences is to actively do things rather than just speak things. In other words, performatives are utterances that have both a descriptive and an effective character.
Austin's distinction between constative and performative utterances demonstrated that language can be used to conduct actions. Constative utterances describe or report genuine or untrue events and situations of affairs in the world. Performative utterances, on the other hand, do not describe or report anything at all, are not true or false, and the uttering of the sentence is or is part of, doing of action, which is not generally described as, or as just stating something. Schriffin (1994:90-91) Austin ( Furthermore, speech act knowledge enables us to deduce not just that an https://journal.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/exposure Exposure: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris interlocutor is speaking, but also that he or she is doing something with words., but also that interlocutor is doing more than one thing at once with words.classifications of speech act. They are:

Locutionary Act
The act of saying something, or the act of saying and the precise meaning of the utterance, is known as a locutionary act. When the speaker says "The dangerous dog is in the garden," he or she is constructing a sentence whose meaning is dependent on a specific dog and garden in the real world (louisse, 2005, p. 7). This speech is an example of a locutionary act that results in the production of a sentence. If an addressee hears the utterance in the garden and thinks to himself or herself that he or she needs to be cautious. If an addresser repeats it in the room on other occasions, it is only information. Because the context is unclear, this speech is classified as a locutionary act.

Illocutionary Act
The extra meaning of the utterance produced based on its literal meaning is referred to as an illocutionary deed. It is not only utilized for informing but also for doing anything, as far as the accuracy of the speech event is concerned. The speaker's intention is linked to the illocutionary deed. In other words, every speaker has a goal in mind when they talk. Everyone may aim to inquire, tell, promise, warn, or order with the utterance. "Open the window!" is an example of an utterance that orders something.

Parlicutionary Act
The effect of an utterance on the listener, depending on the circumstances, or the act of affecting something is referred to as a perlocutionary act. The effect of an utterance on the addressee is referred to as perlocutionary act. The act of perlocutionary is when an illocution has a certain effect in the mind of the addressee. Another way of putting it is that a perlocutionary act is a result or byproduct of speaking, whether intentionally or unintentionally. As a result, it is a speaking-based act. Some perlocutionary activities are invariably followed by alerting or even alarming actions (Yan Huang: 2005). Persuade, deceive, encourage, annoy, frighten, amuse, get the hearer to do, inspire, impress, divert, get the hearer to think about, release tension, embarrass, attract attention, bored are some examples of perlocutionary acts (Leech, 1983, p.203

THE TALK SHOW
A talk show is a type of mass media that features a wide range of utterances.
Different utterances in talk shows can be evaluated using discourse of analysis, particularly speech acts in illocutionary acts. Two speakers are frequently included on a discussion show. The interviewer is the first speaker, while the interviewee is the second. The Oprah Winfrey Show is the talk show that will be discussed in this paper. This is one of Scotland's most popular chat shows. J.K. Rowling is the interviewee, and Oprah Winfrey is the interviewer. Rowling's life experiences and plans for the future will be showcased on this discussion show. The illocutionary act will be discussed on this discussion program.

RESEARCH METHODS
The topic of discourse analysis in this paper is the mass media. Data transcription, data selection, and data interpretation are all part of this talk show's study. The data in this study is mostly analyzed using a qualitative method. The talk show dialogues were transcribed into text for this study. Conversational utterances were translated into action from the text, which included speech and illocutionary acts. The  explain that she will always write and give the next series of her books. Through those utterances, Rowling also informed the audiences that she can write more and it will not be difficult to do. Those utterances can be classified as declarations in terms of speech act theory, particularly in the illocutionary act. As a result, declaration here refers to deciding something with the intention of demonstrating future course of action.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
The five extracts above are the samples of conversation which were transcribed from the conversation in talk show presented by Oprah Winfrey and J.K. Rowling. From the conversation, various expressions are explored in doing something like the parts of illocutionary act. Austin (1962) stated that utterances have a certain conventional force which is called illocutionary act. This illocutionary act consists of five classifications. Those are representative, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. These five expressions are based on Searle's taxonomy (1969).
Five extracts were discovered. The first extract was representative, and it falls into the reporting category. Representatives, according to Yule (1996), are speech acts that state whether the speaker believes something is true or not.. This reporting in this excerpt revealed facts that could help the other speaker understand the discourse. It can also bind the speaker to the veracity of a statement. The second extract, which comprised of stating and concluding, is another example of representational. Those kinds demonstrated the speaker's utterances in doing something. Asserting here has a function to inform the audience about the real fact.
While concluding is the speaker's statement about how the speaker makes a decision.
The third extract revealed expressive behavior that may be classified as praising and thanking. This type of speech act, particularly an illocutionary act, allows the speaker to understand how she or he feels by executing an expressive act. As a result, the word became a word of sentiment (George Yule, 1996, p.55).
Furthermore, Searle (1969) defined expressive speech as a speaking act that reflects the speaker's attitudes and emotions regarding a proposition. Using praising and thanking expressions, the speaker's attitudes are revealed. Those utterances also can be classified as politeness. Using praising, the speaker tried to show close friendship and using to show positive feedback as the action to respect each other.
The fourth extract illustrated the use of directive questioning and representative reporting. A directive, according to Searle (1969), is a verbal act intended to cause the hearer to execute a specific action. Directives are verbal acts that are used to persuade someone else to do something (Yule, 1996, p.54 This study's findings have been chosen as one of the concerns in discourse analysis with specific objectives. It describes the form, meaning, and communicative roles of the speech act, particularly an illocutionary act, as spontaneously occurring utterances produced in a specific environment for the purpose of achieving specified objectives. It shows and documents some of the most important illocutionary acts that convey the speakers' intentions in the chosen context. In utterances that examine the meaning of the context, which includes many settings such as classroom engagement, research seminar, English meeting, and so on, a variety of phrases can be seen etc. From the settings, it can find various expressions of illocutionary acts. It also can bring benefits to get more comprehension in analyzing act of speaking especially an illocutionary act in a different context. This case can be recommended as a good topic to analyze because it is effective to know the meaning of various utterances. Furthermore, this Further research is required, particularly in terms of an illocutionary act because this type consists of many expressions and some of those expressions have the same function.
Sometimes it is difficult to catch the difference among these types. In addition, analyzing illocutionary acts needs more attention to get the meaning of utterances clearly. So, this topic needs to explore effectively.